Control de calidad de los aceros y estructuras metálicas en las construcciones en la ciudad de Machala

Abstract

The following work will focus on the quality control for reinforcing steel used in the construction sector in general by means of load and deformation tests according to INEN 2167 standard, which provides the minimum requirements that corrugated rods must meet to be used in reinforced concrete buildings. Likewise, tests were performed for structural steel A36 as required by INEN 2215 standard for metallic structure constructions. In order to verify if Machala is building with steel that complies with the current standard, a load and deformation test is carried out in the laboratory, this will give a better vision of how the steels are in terms of quality and that are offered in the environment by the different companies engaged in the production and marketing of steel products for construction; to develop this practical work we have visited the works that are being executed in the city in which permission has been requested to access and take some samples of the steel used in the construction, these samples are of diameters of 12, 14, and 16 mm; we have also visited the constructions of metallic structures where we could obtain the necessary samples to carry out the tests, the results obtained have been compared with the values that are established in the norm. The values obtained indicate that the steel distributed in Machala is of a good quality and that they are within what is allowed by the standard, the creep of the steel is higher than 420 MPa, the tensile strength is above 550 MPa, the elongation is higher than 14%, while the tensile/fluence ratio of the tested specimens comply with the requirement that the tensile strength must be equal to or higher than 1. 25 times the creep in the specimens of corrugated rods, while in the A36 steel specimens a value higher than 250 MPa was obtained at creep, at tensile greater than 400 MPa, and the elongation is in the range of 20-30% as established by the standard. This work will be divided into three chapters, the first one will be designated to the diagnosis of the project, in which the subject, description of the works where it was allowed to take the samples and the objectives of the project, in the second chapter consists of the conceptualization on the quality control of steel products that will give a guideline of the quality and compliance with the technical specifications of the construction regulations in the country, To finish this chapter there will be a description of the tests and the technical memory of the results obtained with the tests carried out on the samples and their comparison with the standards currently in force in the country. Once the results are obtained and the degree project is finished, the conclusions and recommendations will be made