Mecanismos de resistencia a macrólidos en <i>streptococcus pyogenes</i> causante de múltiples enfermedades infecciosas.

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive, spherical bacterium that is normally facultatively anaerobic. As it possesses various virulence factors on the cell surface as well as extracellular components, it is responsible for multiple acute and serious infectious diseases, both at the level of the upper respiratory tract and of tissues. soft and skin The general objective of this research work is to differentiate the mechanisms of resistance to macrolides in Streptococcus pyogenes, which causes multiple infections, through analysis and bibliographic review for community awareness in the use of antibiotics. For the development of this work, a descriptive research was carried out based on the search for information related to the subject of study in high-impact scientific articles. In studies carried out on the epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes, it has been shown that the infection with the highest incidence caused by this microorganism is pharyngotonsillitis, where macrolides have been considered as an alternative treatment for this infection. However, currently S. pyogenes has developed strains resistant to this group of drugs and that is why the antibiotic of choice is penicillin to treat this condition. It is concluded that there are at least two mechanisms of resistance to macrolides, the first consisting of the modification of the active site of macrolides to the ribosome through methylation mediated by the erm B gene and the second is based on the efflux pump system of efflux mediated by the mef gene (A).