Microbiana del suelo bananero: identificación, selección, propagación y conservación de hongos benéficos.

Abstract

Trichoderma spp., Belonging to the fungal species of the soil, are widely used in agriculture, due to its multiple benefits, especially as it is antagonistic to pests and diseases that crops present. The objective of this work was to select, characterize, identify, propagate, and conserve beneficial soil fungi. The study was carried out at the Nueva Era farm on the La Primavera road, La Iberia sector, belonging to the El Guabo Canton of the El Oro province, Ecuador. Several species of Trichodermas were identified such as: T. asperellum, T. theobromicola, T. spirales, T. reesei, T. melanomagna, T. harzianum, T. viride. Using as variables 12 descriptors, which characterize the species through macro and microscopic observation of the accessions, the most discriminating factors were number of rings, width of the first ring and length of the septum (Nani, AA1, LSep, R5D), the ANOVA I present significance for these descriptors and in the principal component analysis they were the ones that allowed the accumulation of the greatest variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis yielded a dendrogram that allows the identification of 4 well-defined groups: G1 (T. asper (1-6); T. theob (1-2); T. spir (1-3); T. rees (1-2)); G2 (T. rees 3; T. melan); G3 (T. harz); G4 (T. viride). The diversity of Trichodermas spp., Shows us that we can have soils with a very important beneficial microbiota if we carry out a good management of this resource in banana production.