Principales enfermedades de origen vírico y bacteriano que afectan los estadios primarios del <i>litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Abstract

Since its inception aquaculture has been in constant development and growth. Shrimp farming has become one of the most profitable activities globally, generating large sources of employment, with Ecuadorian shrimp highly desired worldwide. In Ecuador there are approximately 210,000 ha dedicated to shrimp production. Its cultivation has been affected by various pathogenic outbreaks, being the cause of diseases and great economic losses in the shrimp sector. These outbreaks are mainly caused by viruses and bacteria, they affect the shrimp in its different stages, with the larvae being the most vulnerable. The main viral and bacterial diseases that affect the larval stages are: Tetrahedral Baculovirosis, Deformity and Dwarfism Syndrome, Luminescent Bacteria, Zoea II Syndrome and Filamentous Bacterial Disease. Viruses have been introduced to different countries through the transport of live shrimp, while opportunistic bacteria are found in the water living with the shrimp, waiting for suitable conditions to infect the crustacean.