Incidencia de queratoconjuntivitis seca en caninos "canis lupus familiaris" braquiocefálicos, en la ciudad de machala.

Abstract

The eye is the main organ of the visual system, it captures the images and transforms them into an electrical signal to the optic nerve, to transfer to the brain and process the image. In dogs there is a certain predisposition to suffer some eye damage, specifically the brachiocephalic due to their anatomical structure. They have a short and wide skull and face due to the shortening of the bones, the tissues change due to the space limit, presenting reduced nostrils, more exposed eyes that generate greater tear evaporation, resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Inflammatory disease altering the cornea and conjunctiva due to qualitative alterations, generating problems such as dryness of the cornea, ulcerations, pigmentation, vascularization and quantitative, which is the decrease in the significant amount of tear production. They are formed from a mixture of secretions excreted by the lacrimal gland, tarsal glands and apocrine ciliary glands secrete triglycerides, lipids, phospholipids, free sterols as well as mucin and an aqueous part to form the precorneal film. Its function is to lubricate the eyelids, prevents the cornea from drying out, provides oxygen, has antimicrobial substances to cover the cornea from infections, removes foreign bodies from the cornea, prevents dehydration. The objective of the work was to determine the incidence of dry keratoconjunctivitis, intraocular pressure and blood glucose, with quantitative diagnostic methods Schirmer test, tonometer and glucometer. The methodology used was data collection and clinical evaluation of the ocular adnexa such as the eyeball, conjunctiva, eyelids, third eyelid. Apparently healthy brachiocephalic canines from the city of Machala were evaluated taking into account sex and age. It was divided into 3 study groups from 6 months to 2 years, from 2.5 to 5 years and older than 6 years. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed by means of the Schirmer test, intraocular pressure by tonometry (Schiotz indented tonometer) and blood glucose by means of a glucometer, taking a blood sample from the phalanx, ruling out patients with any glycemic alteration. After statistical analysis of a total of 33 brachycephalic dogs sampled, 27.3% were positive for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. According to age, canines from 6 months to 2 years old presented 16.6% incidence, from 2.5 to 5 years old 40% and older than 6 years old 27.3%. In representation of the sex of a total of 18 males, 22.2% have the disease and of 15 females, 33.3% are positive. Regarding (PIO) 33.3% have high intraocular pressure, 27.3% low and 39.4% normal, in representation of age, the group with the highest rate of elevated intraocular pressure is 6 years in forward with a percentage of 54.5% and finally blood glucose 12.1% of the total presented hyperglycemia, the rest normal with a higher incidence in canines from 2.5 to 5 years of 10 patients, 20% presented hyperglycemia. In conclusion, the Chi-square statistical test performed to determine if there is a dependency relationship between the Schirmer test and glucose categories, a significance value of 0.237 is obtained; which is greater than 0.05 (p value), therefore the null hypothesis is accepted and it is concluded that the variables Schirmer's test and intraocular pressure are not related.