Evaluación de hallazgos electrocardiográficos en perros llevados a vacunación en dos clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de machala

Abstract

The present investigative work was carried out in 2 clinics in the city of Machala, the first Vinyo Veterinary Clinic located between Napoleon Mera and Rocafuerte streets, the second Veterinary Clinic of teaching specialties "UTMACH" located in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, both of the Province of El Oro, Ecuador. The established objective was to evaluate the electrocardiographic findings in clinically healthy canine patients during a period of 3 months, with the purpose of detecting possible alterations at the electrical level in canines that come to the clinic for vaccinations, check-ups AND controls that have never been performed. Cardiac evaluation. Based on the findings that are presented, it is sought to apply the use of the ECG more frequently as a routine test for canines of all ages. The study was carried out on 20 dogs that, through a general physical examination, were declared clinically healthy, of both sexes, without age limit and of any weight, excluding canines with a history of past or present heart disease, as well as patients with disease symptoms. . ECG was taken from all patients with leads I, II, and III to evaluate possible arrhythmias, blockages, or signs of ventricular enlargement, by measuring the mean electric current, in the right lateral cubitus position or in quadrupedal position. Electrical conduction in patients is mediated from the primary electrical impulse marked by the sinoatrial node, producing depolarization of the atrial myocardium from the right to the left atrium, therefore the stimulus is transmitted to the atrioventricular node, initiating the depolarization of the ventricular myocardium. sending the impulse through the bundle of His through the right and left branches until activating ventricular systole and consequent blood circulation, ending this impulse, repolarization of the atria is generated to initiate a second cardiac cycle, thanks to this the ECG has the capacity to represent it in a trace where the reading of the PQRST complexes and their subsequent interpretation were performed. The results obtained were statistically measured, allowing the incidence of cardiac alterations to be evaluated in a population of 20 canines. 30% of the entire population, regardless of age, sex and race, maintained normal parameters without findings to consider, while 70% of the They presented alterations at the electrical level, taking as the beginning the presence of cardiac arrhythmia as a common alteration, the same classified as physiological, present in canines in a habitual way corresponding to breathing or in search of a present pathology detected at auscultation of the patient and verified in the electrocardiographic trace with the measurement of its HR, tables were made with a description of the complexes and waves present in the electrocardiographic trace, in order to recommend the use of the ECG to generate criteria for routine use, that is, it should be included as a parameter to be constantly measured in various medical specialties Veterinary medicine to identify pathologies of the electrical functioning of the heart.