Comportamiento del sistema radicular del cultivo de banano, por efecto del fertirriego en un suelo inceptisol

Abstract

Globally, banana (Musa spp.) is positioned as the fourth largest food crop after corn, rice and wheat, and represents an average of 15% of the world's total fruit production, edaphic fertilization is one of the most widely used practices in agricultural production, combining two important factors during the growth and development phase of crops, Fertigation, on the other hand, is a technique for applying nutrients dissolved in irrigation water to crops. With this background, the following objectives were proposed: to study the active root behavior of bananas in an inceptisol soil with fertigation, by means of a direct survey of their root system. The area where the research was carried out was the Marquez Farm, located in the parish of La Peaña, Canton Pasaje, at Km 15 of the Machala-Pasaje Road, province of El Oro. The study area corresponds to a tropical forest, an average monthly temperature of 26 °C, precipitation ranging between 200 - 1000 mm per year, average wind speed 2 to 4 m* s-1, 2.8 average hours of sunshine and a relative humidity of 83%. The experimental design of completely randomized blocks was used, in which the experimental units are distributed in blocks or groups, in such a way that the experimental units within a block are homogeneous, but that between groups there is heterogeneity and that the number of experimental units within a block is equal to the number of treatments to investigate, as for the experimental design a distribution by areas on the farm was made and within each block were the different treatments of the experimental units. In this way, the variance of the experimental error was reduced and controlled for greater precision. Three treatments of fertilizer application systems were implemented, which were: Edaphic, Fertigation and Fertigation + Edaphic, all of them in an area of 0.9 ha. The different agricultural products that were supplied for each treatment are: Edaphic (Ammonium Nitrate, Boron, DAP, MOP, Zinc Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate, YaraLive Tropicote), was applied once a month. Fertigation (Yara Rega Azutek, Ammonium Nitrate, MOP, Magnesium Sulfate, YaraLive Calcinit), applied once a week. Fertigation + Edaphic (Yara Rega Azutek, Ammonium Nitrate, MOP, Magnesium Sulfate, YaraLive Calcinit), was applied once a month by edaphic fertilization and once a week by fertigation. The fertigation treatment presented a greater number of secondary roots with an average of 33, and the highest average root weight with a value of 70.07 g. It was determined that the fertigation + edaphic treatment allowed a greater development of superficial roots in relation to length with an average of 40.17 cm and a diameter of 1.98 mm. In the fertigation treatment, a greater development of subsurface roots was obtained, with a mean length of 80.62 cm and a diameter of 3.57 mm. The fertigation + edaphic treatment had a greater incidence on the vegetative development of the plant, with an average height of 1.98 m, a fuster diameter of 40.17 cm and a leaf emission of 0.7.