Efectos de enmiendas con biochard en el desarrollo vegetativo de musa spp. en un suelo franco-arcilloso

Abstract

The soil is the decomposition of rock material in which it is made up of 45% minerals, 25% gas, 25% water, 5% organic matter, for the development of crops and their fertility or optimal properties depends on agricultural productivity and food security. Soil fertility is the ability to sustain vegetative plant growth and optimize crop yields. This can be enhanced by organic and inorganic fertilizers that provide the necessary nutrients to the soil, improve soil fertility and crop production, while reducing environmental impact. The available raw material of biochar can be an important alternative, the use of this material has the ability to improve the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil and increases the productivity of crops, also contributing to carbon sequestration, reducing the use of fertilizers , which makes it a tool for mitigating climate change, having the ability to restore the natural balance of the soil and improve crop yields through better retention of water and nutrients, which leads to greater tolerance to drought and higher yields in crop production due to increased soil fertility. With the aforementioned, the research work aims to analyze the effectiveness of the different components of biochar + silicon oxide + agricultural gypsum on the growth of banana plants (Cavendish) in combination with more biol as a phytoregulator source, by measuring several agronomic parameters of the plant of both the mother and the son, in which the chemical factors of the soil, texture, pH, organic matter and the weight of the roots were evaluated. A completely randomized design was carried out on a banana farm with the clone variety Cavendish Av. Panamericana Km. 5.7 Vía Machala - Pasaje in the Province of El Oro, delimiting five plots for the trial, using 4 treatments and a control or witness, each treatment with 10 repetitions: T1 (25g Cocoa Biochar + 50g Silicon), T2 (50g Cocoa Biochar + 50g Silicon), T3 (20g Banana Biochar + 50g Silicon), T4 (30g Banana Biochar + 50g Silicon) and the control treatment (50g Silicon) .the variables to be determined were: Number of leaves of the mother, number of leaves of the son, thickness of the pseudostem-son, height of the son, at the end a soil analysis was carried out to determine the percentage of its roots; the percentage of texture, organic matter and pH were also made. The effects that appeared from the different insidio treatments efficiently in foliar emission which is positive due to the photosynthetic load of the plant is greater, in the first variable of leaf number of the mother plant there was a non-considered foliar increase of the which T4 has the best efficiency; For the following variable number of leaves in the daughter plant, a good increase in foliar emission was obtained with similar means (11.9 leaves) between treatments T0-T2 and treatments T1-T3 (11 leaves). In the pseudostem-son variable, its thickness increased, presenting T4 followed by T2-T1 or being the highest mean, for the height of the son decreasing in the T0 treatment. In root weight, the best treatment was T3 and T0 with a higher biomass (1159.50g-757.00g) than the other treatments, the highest percentage of Organic Matter was obtained from T3 and T1, unlike the others; while the pH measurement responded to a great change in the treatments, having a slightly alkaline pH, of which the highest values ​​were in the treatments T1 and T2. The combination of the different doses responded positively and efficiently in the development of the banana plants, intervening in all the variables to be measured with very noticeable results represented in the study of this research, obtaining better results in the T1 treatments (25g Biochar Cocoa + 50g of silicon + Biol) and T4 (30g Banana Biochar + 50g Silicon + Biol)