Evaluación de extractos acuosos de manzanilla y canela sobre el crecimiento micelial de moniliopthora roreri a nivel in vitro

Abstract

The cocoa plant is a tree that develops in tropical areas with high humidity, its growth expands geographically in different regions of the world. The American continent encompasses a great diversity of plantations of the Theobroma genus, belonging to the Malvaceae family. Around 3.3 million tons of cocoa are exported worldwide, with the African continent being the main producer with 66% of the production. , followed by Asia with 17.5% and America, which in recent years reached 11% of world production, with Ecuador and Brazil being the largest producers. In Ecuador, the provinces with the highest cocoa production are Los Ríos, Guayas, Manabí, Esmeralda and El Oro. The main diseases that affect cocoa cultivation are Black Mazorca, Moniliasis and Witch's Broom, to combat these diseases chemical controls are applied. , biological and cultural, as a new control alternative, the use of botanical extracts was planted to inhibit the mycelial growth of Moniliophthora roreri, the causal agent of the moniliasis disease. The research was carried out at the Technical University of Machala in the phytopathology laboratory. The first phase of the experiment began with the isolation and purification of the fungus in the clonal garden of the (UTMACH), where cobs of the CCN-51 variety were extracted. The plant material from which the extracts of the chamomile and cinnamon plants were extracted due to their high content of secondary metabolites. The treatments to be evaluated were the following: T1 (aqueous extract of cinnamon at 10%); T2 (aqueous extract of cinnamon at 20%); T3 (aqueous extract of cinnamon at 30%); T4 (aqueous extract of Chamomile at 10%); T5 (aqueous extract of Chamomile at 20%); T6 (aqueous extract of chamomile at 30%); T7 (aqueous extract of camomile-cinnamon at 10%); T8 (aqueous extract of Camomile-cinnamon at 20%); T9 (30% camomile-cinnamon aqueous extract); T10 (absolute control), these were the treatments used with their corresponding doses. For the preparation of the extracts, three Erlenmeyer flasks were used where we placed all the fresh material of the different plants, 60g of chamomile/300ml of distilled water, 60g of cinnamon/300ml of distilled water and a combination of 30g of cinnamon - 30gr of chamomile / 300ml of distilled water, the final weight/volume ratio was 1:5. The dosage of the treatments was carried out, in 10 glass bottles with established measures of 70-80-90- ml of pda, 10-20-30 ml of extract of chamomile, cinnamon and combined (cinnamon/chamomile) were placed, and the control a bottle with 100 ml of PDA to show the significant difference of the treatments in relation to the control. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the treatments that presented the greatest inhibitory effect T3 (aqueous extract of cinnamon at 30%), T2 (aqueous extract of cinnamon at 20%) and T9 (aqueous extract of chamomile-cinnamon at 30%), are statistically the same and different from the rest of treatments, finally it is recommended to carry out studies focused on the use of botanical extracts with antifungal potential, as an alternative of control in the management of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, based on organic agriculture that is friendly to the environment.