Efecto de tres fertilizantes más biol sobre el crecimiento y el estado fitosanitario de las raices en musa spp.

Abstract

In Ecuador, banana cultivation is the most important agricultural activity for the country's economy because it generates employment. The use of organic fertilizers is considered to contribute to the restoration of soil fertility lost due to biodiversity, biological dynamics and permanent agricultural exploitation. Because organic fertilizers are less soluble, they allow plants to absorb nutrients more slowly and, by increasing the amount of organic matter in the soil, they maintain greater nutrient absorption and reduce losses due to leakage. Incorrect phytosanitary management in banana production generates losses in plantations. In Ecuador, banana plantations are severely affected by different variants of phytosanitary problems, such as increased production costs and lower productivity. Based on the above, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of three fertilizers plus Biol on the growth and phytosanitary status of the roots of Musa spp. in a banana plantation, Machala canton, El Oro province (Ecuador). To describe the effects of three fertilizers plus Biol on the number of leaves, intersection between one leaf and another, height and diameter of the pseudostem in Musa spp. was another purpose of the study. For this purpose, the research was carried out at the INDAGROPEC C.A. farm located in the Machala parish, Machala canton, El Oro province. To establish a completely randomized design was chosen 2 hectares of land for banana cultivation, with 4 treatments of study; 15 plant/child per treatment; in the dosage: 2 liters of Biol + commercial Trichoderma in 4 liters of water (2 applications during the experiment) 50ml per plant. ½ kg Rayzal-400 in 4 liters of water 50 ml per plant (1 application during the experiment); ½ kg YaraMila Hydran in 4 liters of water 50 ml per plant (1 application during the experiment); 1lt RootTrack, in 4 liters of water, 50 ml per plant (1 application during the experiment). In the results, the variables analyzed were: number of leaves, intersection between one leaf and another, pseudostem height, pseudostem diameter. The same indicated significant differences (p≤0.05) in the mean number of leaves, with a maximum value (6), minimum (1) in the number of leaves at the end of the trial, the mean indicated that there is a level of (3 to 8) during the six weeks of treatment. Intersection between one leaf and another, observation 1 minimum value is 5 cm and maximum 20 cm, however, the average (14-20 cm) first week and (15-20 cm) in the second week which indicates that the value has increased; diameter of the pseudostem ends with values (T1=28 cm, T2=30 cm, T3=35 cm, T4=32cm); In plant-stem height only numerical differences were recorded (T1=1. 8 m; T2=2.15m; T3=2.28m; T4=2.05m). In conclusion, the evaluation of the effects of three fertilizers plus Biol had a positive effect on the growth and phytosanitary status of the roots of Musa spp. in a banana farm, Machala canton, El Oro province (Ecuador).