Efecto de la fertilización orgánica en parámetros morfológicos y productivos del cultivo de maíz en la finca comuna el Cambio.

Abstract

Corn is a crop of global and national importance for the contribution it makes to human and animal nutrition due to its high content of mineral, protein and vitamin content; in any of its phenological stages. The experimental type research was carried out in the Commune The Change, located on the trunk road of the coast, near The Change, province of Oro; the geographical coordinates: 03°17’52.28 South Latitude and 79°53’18.15” the West longitude, at an altitude de 12 meters above sea level. For the development of the experiment, a simple Latin square was used, where a study factor composed of four treatments, replicated four times, was manipulated, generating 16 experimental units, and where the double block technique was applied due to the presence of two uncontrolled factors. The treatments under study were 0, 15, 20, 25 t ha^-1 of fresh bovine manure, which were assigned to the experimental units completely at random in each columna and row independently; there are no replicas within the columna and row. To find out whether or not there were statistical differences between treatments, the intergroup factorial ANOVA test was performed, after fulfilling the assumptions of Independence of errors, data normality, homogeneity variance, and additivity of the block treatments. The variables measured were plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, number of total leaves, fruit per plant, ear length and diameter, 100-seed weight and dry grain yield. The hypothesis contrast shows that there is a statistical difference between the different amounts of fresh cattle manure applied as a function of morphological and agronomic parameters; and a favorable response of the corn crop associated with the increase of the organic amendment. At 30 (52.3 cm) , 60 (222.6 cm), 90 (233.7 cm) and 120 (234.4 cm) days after planting, T3 (25 t ha^-1 of fresh manure) achieved the highest plant height values statistically different from the rest of the treatments; as well as for the stem diameter, which reached the 30 (13.5 mm), 60 (15.9 mm), 90 (17.0 mm) and 120 (16.4 mm) days after planting, number of total leaves obtained at 30 (7.3 leaves), 60 (11.3 leaves), 90 (12.6 leaves) y 120 (11.0 leaves) days after planting; leaves length which reached the 30 (86.1 cm), 60 (104.7 cm), 90 (107.8 cm) and 120 (102.7 cm) days after planting; and width of leaves, which he obtained at 30 30 (6.6 cm), 60 (8.0 cm), 90 (8.6 cm) and 120 (7.5 cm) days after planting. At 120 days after planting, T3 (25 t ha-1 of fresh manure) reached the highest values of fruit per plant in the crop, (2.8 fruits), statistically different from the rest of the Treatment, which reached 2.2 fruits (20 t ha^-1 of fresh manure), 1.7 fruits (15 t ha^-1 of fresh manure) and 1.6 fruits (0 t ha^-1 of fresh manure). At 120 (18.0 cm) days after planting on T3 (25 t ha^-1 of fresh manure) reached values for ear length per plant at harvest, and statistically different from the rest of the treatments. At 120 (18.0 cm) days after planting on T3 (20 t ha^-1 of fresh manure) achieved the highest values for ear diameter per plant at harvest, statistically different from the rest of the treatments. In relation to the variable 100-seed weight at harvest at 120 days, when the following were applied 25 t ha^-1 of fresh manure was obtained 19.0 g, and statistically different from the rest of the treatments. Treatment with 25 t ha^-1 of fresh manure obtained the highest agricultural yield value in dry grains at harvest with 12.13 t ha^-1. The application of 20 t ha^-1 of fresh manure is an agronomic alternative for soil fertilization management that favors soil conservation and improvement, as well as an increase in agricultural yields.