Evaluación química y fitotóxica de varios tratamiento de vermicompost obtenidos de restos vegetales más biochar

Abstract

Soil degradation is caused by the constant use of agrochemicals and by the search for economic development that has put the sustainability of present and future generations. Compared with the traditional composting system, vermicomposting offers a shorter biomass processing time, stimulates microbial activity, increases the availability of nutrients and high levels of humus act by reducing phytotoxicity in the final product, the objective of the work was to characterize various vermicomposts based on pH and electrical conductivity and to compare the phytotoxic effects on the germination of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa). The work was carried out in the province of El Oro (Ecuador), for this, 4 treatments are established to obtain compost, two without contamination and two contaminated with the insecticide Bala 55 (dose: 0.5g) being codified: treatment with bovine manure ( TB1), treatment contaminated with bovine manure (TCB3), treatment with chicken manure (TG4), treatment contaminated with chicken manure (TCG4) where at each treatment 5g was collected in each treatment to measure the pH and EC. We removed the compost from the pits to pass them to the vermireactors where 300 Californian worms were applied before passing them to the vermireactors, a test was carried out for 24 hours with 50 worms in each treatment to observe their adaptability, which they elaborated the vermicompost through their feeding. that we use from the worms are the excreta, that is called vermicompost, which helped each treatment at the pH, they were very alkaline, after 30 days, 2 kg was sifted to each vermireactor for the substrates. In each vermicompost treatment, 3 substrates were formed (100% Vermicompost); (75% Vermicompost + 25% Sand); (50% Vermicompost + 50% sand) and the control that was 100% sand, in which 7oz glasses were used to pour the combinations to sow the lettuce seed, these germinated 3 days after sowing. The variables evaluated were: pH and C.E of the compost and vermicompost, weight of the worms, number of worm eggs, germination of lettuce, and levels of phytotoxicity. The highest values ​​of the compost were pH 9.37 (TCB3), EC was 12.86µS/cm(TB1) and in the vermicompost the pH values ​​were pH 7.76(TB1), of EC was 12.00(TG4). The highest phytotoxicity index was 50.32 (TCB3) (C3) with a germination percentage of 32% where it was not unproductive; while the lowest germination and phytotoxicity value was recorded at 146.84(TB1) (C2) with values ​​of 93.33% germination and with one of the best pH's having a good production. The treatments TCG2, TCB3 and TG4 had moderate phytotoxicity, although there was good germination production in most of the substrates, except for TCB3 (C3) due to its high phytotoxicity. It is concluded that the earthworm can reduce the levels of phytotoxicity in the compost contaminated with Bala 55, when germination tests are carried out.