Impacto del crecimiento económico en el desempleo, análisis de datos de panel de las economías latinoamericanas.

Abstract

The unemployment is one of the macroeconomic indicators of greatest concern in society, given its close relationship with welfare, this indicator shows the state of macro-stability of the national economy, therefore, whether this variable has high indices, it can be concluded that the country in question has economic and social problems. The unemployment can be controlled by a high level of production and increased profits, thus increasing employment opportunities as well as living standards, in this context the present research project aims to determine the effect of economic growth or Real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP) growth rate on the unemployment rate in the Latin American economies during the period 2016 to 2019, other variables have been considered as the Gini Coefficient, Public Expenditure, Imports, Exports, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Public Debt and Gross National Income (GNI) which together with the Economic Growth Rate of Real GDP explain the unemployment rate using an estimate of the fixed effects model, using the Ordinary Least Squares (BM) method, for which variable data were obtained from the World Bank (WB) and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the panel data methodology was used in the STATA 14 statistical program. The results show that the FDI and public debt variables are not significant, while GNI does not present the expected sign, determinants such as public expenditure and real GDP growth rate are important within the estimation model, because they affect the statistical significance of the other explanatory variables, the final adjusted model notes that the Gini Coefficient and Imports cause an increase in unemployment, on the other hand, the public expenditure, exports and real GDP growth rate generate a decrease in unemployment. Public policies must be geared primarily to economic growth, higher output, greater employment opportunities, the necessary measures must also be implemented to reduce inequality in income and imports, this would significantly reduce the unemployment rate in the Latin American countries.