Estrategias didácticas para el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora del quinto año de educación básica.

Abstract

Reading comprehension is the basic competence for learning all areas of knowledge in the school environment, at different educational levels and sublevels, since thanks to it it is possible to understand texts and analyze the content and information of one's own knowledge. of the teaching and learning process. For this reason, it is essential that its development and empowerment be considered a transversal axis in the teaching and learning process, especially in the area of Language and Literature, at the school level. This research work is due to the need to analyze the problem of low reading comprehension of students, which usually occurs in educational establishments, directly influencing school performance; Therefore, the study in question has the objective of identifying the didactic strategies that should be used to improve reading comprehension in students in the fifth year of parallel "A" basic education from the Zoila Ugarte de Landívar school in El Canton. Guabo, period 2020 - 2021. In order to specify the general objective, the methodology used in the execution of the work was diverse, since it was used in the first place, due to its approach to quantitative qualitative research, due to the use of data collection tools, its synthesis and subsequent analysis. According to its typology, the research was explanatory and descriptive, since it tries to explain the problem, inferring its causes and effects. And, the study modality is based on a field investigation, since the study was carried out in the place where the phenomenon to be investigated occurs. To proceed to collect the information, a survey was applied to teachers in the Language and Literature area of the intervened institution. Among the most relevant conclusions, it was possible to characterize the most outstanding aspects for an adequate teaching of reading comprehension, among which are the metacognitive processes that allow the development of basic and complex mental skills essential to achieve good reading comprehension. In addition, the knowledge of the students about the reading of the texts of the subject of Language and Literature was valued, from the perspective of the teachers, showing a low level of reading comprehension. Finally, the aspects to be taken into account for an adequate teaching of this important skill were selected, which served as the basis for the design of the proposal 9 for a Seminar-workshop to train Language and Literature teachers in the use and application of virtual teaching strategies, aimed at developing students' reading comprehension, through the use of interactive online platforms; activity that is conveniently inserted in the new virtual education model that governs the country, as a mandate, due to the health emergency, due to COVID-19.