Tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante un sistema anaerobio para comunidades rurales.

Abstract

The present investigation proposes an alternative treatment of wastewater based on an anaerobic system that can be applied in rural communities where there is no access to an integrated sewerage system. The problem to be considered was to obta.in a definitive alternative that is efficient, functional, technically and economically reliable to treat the wastewater produced by the inhabitants of rural communities. First, we chose the place where the treatment system would be carried out, its topographic survey verifying the dimensions of the San José site of the Bellavista parish, and then infiltration tests were performed to determine the permeability of the soil, resulting to be of low permeability and with water table to 1.42 m. In addition, a discarding was carried out, at the pre-feasibility and feasibility level, taking as fundamental consideration the type of soil found. The result was an anaerobic upflow system design alternative comprised of a grid treatment line, grease trap, septic tank and a coarse upward filter in layers, composed of gravel in different diameters. It is concluded that the anaerobic upflow system composed of a coarse upward filter in layers has a great efficiency in the removal of iron, manganese, suspended solids and mesophiles.