Diseño sismoresistente de una vivienda de dos pisos de ductilidad limitada, tipo paredes portantes en la ciudad de Machala.

Abstract

The city of Machala in recent years has grown considerably at the population level, either due to internal migration or due to the arrival of foreigners to the city, this added to the economic crisis that the country is going through has led to the search for alternatives of Income, such as the rental of real estate but investing in construction with traditional systems leaves the question for those who do not know the new construction systems, in the present the design of a two-story house with limited ductility, such as bearing walls such as a favorable option, analyzed with the corresponding regulations in which the behavior of these walls is evaluated in the event of a seismic event, since Ecuador, being in a high-risk area, is prone to earthquakes that lead to catastrophes for the inhabitants of these areas. The country's history in terms of telluric movements has shown how these forces act and the response given by the structural systems, thus allowing them to be given the respective analysis and in turn provide respective rehabilitations to whose structures need it, countries like Chile, Peru and Colombia have implemented this type of constructive method, which enables the lives of many people to be safeguarded in the face of a natural event. The rigidity of these walls allows the forces acting on them to be transmitted towards the foundation and there are no failures like traditional construction systems and although a good design should be considered in the distribution of their spaces, the response it provides has been optimal. For the countries named above since they bet on the execution of more similar projects as it is more profitable and efficient. Other points that must be considered is that without a good design, torsion could be generated, so it is important that the project be drawn regularly in its geometry as it greatly influences when analyzing its response form. The design shows a house with load-bearing walls whose thickness is 10 cm, it is projected for two families and in its distribution of spaces, each of them will have spaces according to their requirements, such as living room, kitchen, bedrooms In addition, the design process of its components is shown using the criteria of the American Concrete Institute ACI for its acronym in English and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC fundamental codes since its methodology allows many projects to respond more effectively to earthquakes following the minimum requirements for the components at each level to provide the necessary functionality under the loads acting on the system. In this way this system is made known. the way in which the walls respond, the loads that act on them, the criteria to be followed for an adequate design from the conception of ideas to their execution and the standard that must be followed in order to guarantee adequate performance