COVID-19 y los procesos de aprendizaje en estudiantes con discapacidad: Unidad de Educación Especializada Kléber Tinoco Pineda del cantón Arenillas

Abstract

The present research work focuses its study on the learning processes of students with disabilities in the face of the pandemic called COVID-19, which affected several aspects of the life of human beings and changed the dynamics in which they developed, leaving as a consequence deficiencies in many areas of human development, being the educational field one of them. The purpose of the research is directed to know the incidence of COVID-19 in the learning processes of students with disabilities of the Education Unit Kleber Tinoco Pineda of Arenillas canton, in this way it is sought to know the respective pedagogical changes applied by teachers, as an effect of the pandemic, and to investigate the difficulties in the teaching-learning process PEA. The methodology applied is quantitative, with a field and bibliographic study modality, with an exploratory level of depth, where the main technique applied is the survey, additionally, interviews of complementary information for a better understanding of the social reality. The reagents were applied to fifty-two parents and additionally to two teachers and the Social Worker of the educational institution. They yielded specific and pertinent information for the creation, planning and execution of an action plan from the Social Work to contribute with intervention strategies in the learning processes of students with disabilities in the institution. The data obtained through the reagents applied, revealed that from the COVID-19 pandemic, pedagogical changes have arisen, starting with the study modality from face-to-face to virtual and for this new communicative channels have been implemented, social networks such as WhatsApp, Messenger, Zoom, among others, as well as the insertion of audiovisual and multimedia pedagogical tools the same that have been fundamental to carry out the learning processes. In addition, the data reveal that the most frequent difficulties encountered by educational representatives are connectivity problems, lack of economic resources, lack of experience in the use of technology, among others, factors that affect the learning of students with special educational needs. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, they have had to adapt to the new pedagogical changes applied by teachers. The Social Work area has implemented strategies as an emerging response to strengthen the teaching and learning processes, such as the door-to-door delivery of homework to students who do not have access to the Internet, so that they can continue their studies. Likewise, as an action plan, a digital catalog called Diviértete y Aprende Have fun and learn was created, which includes websites, free functional applications with or without internet service, which reinforce the learning of our children at home, additionally it contains a website so that the teacher can create interactive cards according to the needs of their students, in short it is an effective tool to contribute with PEA available to the entire educational community. Through the research conducted, the educational representatives expressed that they would like the educational institution or teachers in general to provide workshops and training to provide them with psychosocial support, therefore, we recommend that such activities be scheduled as soon as possible, since they are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Emotional support and mental health are critical for families in response to anxiety, stress, and depression resulting from fear, fear of confinement, and the pandemic context. Similarly, it is suggested that public policies aimed at students with disabilities be restructured, since their needs are many, the budget is very short, it is the responsibility of the State to provide the resources and tools necessary for their teaching and learning process to be optimal, they are a group of priority attention, which should receive prompt and comprehensive care, to ensure proper access to education