Síndrome de Burnout del personal médico en el área de salud en atención a la pandemia COVID-19

Abstract

Based on the research analysis, the present work aims to determine the factors affecting Burnout Syndrome and the coping employed by the medical staff during the Covid 19 health emergency. The study is reviewed under the epistemological foundation of the Cognitive-Behavioural approach, as it is a model that manifests a vast specification on the symptomatology and affectations within thought and behaviour, directing to the restructuring of irrational ideas that disturb human behaviour. The categories of analysis described in this work are, stress, coping and support networks. Four doctors between the ages of thirty-two and fifty-seven, working in different public and private institutions in the health area of the province of El Oro, participated in the study. This research design corresponds to a mixed approach qualitative-quantitative with a descriptive-exploratory scope, under a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The techniques used were: observation in the application of tests and during the interview, semi-structured interview which was conducted in 2 sessions, this type of technique allows the participant to systematically narrate the most significant events in his life and thus obtain relevant information, also the instruments applied were the MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory MBI which is composed of 22 items with a value ranging from 0 to 6, which means never to every day respectively, these values outline score to three factors, emotional weakness, depersonalisation and lack of personal fulfilment in their work, these scores help to determine whether the syndrome is low, medium or high, measuring professional burnout, also Tobin's Coping Strategies Inventory CSI was used which is composed of 40 items, which are grouped into 8 primary, 4 secondary and 2 tertiary components; presented on a 5-point Likert-type scale, there is no appropriate or wrong answer. The results obtained were favourable, due to the fact that it was possible to confirm the Burnout syndrome of medical personnel in the health area in attention to the Covid 19 pandemic, in which the degree of affectation was evidenced, such as emotional, physical and mental tiredness that has led to feeling irritable, annoyed, frustrated and uneasy, given that the following coping strategies were affirmed at this stage: self-criticism, emotional expression and cognitive restructuring; in function with the support networks there is a decrease in social support and social withdrawal. Finally it is concluded that Burnout syndrome caused a great impact on their psychological well-being with a high level of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and a decrease in self-fulfilment which was evident in loss of energy, tiredness and stress. Active breaks with joint mobility, stretching and relaxation exercises, communication skills so that they can exchange opinions and thus listen to the needs of workers, as well as behavioural skills that allow the creation of capacities and competences necessary to face any work-related inconvenience that may arise, achieving self-confidence to reduce the impact on mental health, are recommended.