Relación del genero alphavirus, aedes aegypti y aedes albopictus causante del chikungunya y sus alteraciones en la salud

Abstract

Chikungunya fever is known as a viral and rapidly spreading disease, which was discovered in 1952 in an outbreak in southern Tanzania - Africa, the word "Chikungunya" in the language spoken by the Makonde people means bending due to extremely strong pain, it is a disease transmitted by mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus of the genus Alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, in 2014 was detected for the first time in Ecuador, Chikungunya fever is an emerging disease has the RNA genome encoding four non-structural proteins nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 and nsP4 and three structures (capsids, E1 and E2), its viral structure is about 60 to 70 nm in diameter, is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and due to the Aedes albopictus mosquito thanks to an adaptive mutation of alanine (E1-226A) by valine (E1-226V) at position 226 of the genome of its membrane glycoprotein E1 (A226V) and through the bite of the mosquito of an infected patient with viremia is where transmission begins, the pathogenesis to replicate causes viremia, rash, The diagnostic tests for better clinical utility are ELISA for quantitative measurement of IgM and qPCR accompanied by symptomatology. As prevention measures, it is important to control the proliferation of the mosquito vector through the elimination of reservoirs.