Estudio retrospectivo de la leptospirosis canina entre el periodo 2010 - 2021 y su situación epidemiológica actual en el ecuador

Abstract

Canine Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution due to its infection in domestic and wild mammal species, with rodents being the main reservoirs of the disease. The number of cases of canine leptospirosis reported in 2017 was mainly for Brazil (0.2%), Peru (23.6%), Colombia (8.8%) and Ecuador (7.2%). In another study, the continental cases of canine leptospirosis reported in 2017 were for Colombia (79.9%), Cuba (63.1%) (Rojas et al., 2017), Chile (12.6%) and Ecuador -Quito (5.62%). Consequently, the present study focused on the investigation of the current epidemiological situation in Ecuador, resulting in a total of 440 confirmed cases, of which, according to its incidence, Guayaquil was ranked as high incidence with 189 cases, moderate incidence in Cuenca with 154 cases, as well as, in Quito with 68 cases, as a low incidence to the city of Loja with 29 cases and Latacunga with 0 cases. Likewise, it was highlighted that the most influential epidemiological components in the results of the investigations were the place of residence or habitat, the climate, age, sex, the intake of contaminated water, these being the main risk factors for the contagion of canine leptospirosis. For the diagnosis of this disease, the standard Gold test used was the microscopic agglutination, obtaining the highest range of specificity and sensitivity, in second order the PCR test, the Elisa test and the SD BIOLINE Kit rapid test were used.