Recopilación bibliográfica sobre diabetes mellitus en perros, diagnóstico clínico, manejo y tratamiento sintomático de la enfermedad.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs frequently in dogs of middle or advanced age, characterized by high levels of plasma glucose. Currently, there is no classification of the different forms of this condition in dogs. In humans, it can be divided into type I diabetes, type II diabetes, and gestational diabetes. The same classification is used in dogs. The main clinical signs of dogs with diabetes are: polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, polyphagia, cataracts, but not only this must be taken into account since it can also be signs of another condition, specific tests must be carried out to determine the disease. Three laboratory tests are used to make the diagnosis: complete blood count, biochemical profile, and urinalysis. Then, the patient will be given an appropriate treatment based on a supply of insulin, a balanced diet and continuous physical activity; However, it should not be medicated with insulin if blood glucose levels are between 130-200 mg / d, it should be treated with hypoglycemic drugs, and if its percentage of glucose is higher it will be medicated with insulin. It will be taken into account that the patient will have to be under medical supervision in a certain time, performing a glycemic curve for more caution and control of recurrent diseases, having the disease controlled, with a good treatment being persevering, will have the same amount of life as a healthy dog, helping the owner that his companion has a full, healthy and long life.