Sistemas de producción de leche y su repercusión sobre el bienestar, la producción y la reproducción animal

Abstract

Dairy production in cattle indifferently monopolizes different sections such as breeding, reproduction and dairy production. Therefore, animal welfare is linked to the management that is established in the farm and therefore is reflected in its production. Well-being is related to the quality of life of the animal, based on nutrition, behavior and safety, reducing feelings of fear, anguish and pain. The environmental factors that affect the herd are focused on the reproductive level, especially in tropical climates. Livestock in the tropics has been influenced by the crossing of animals resistant to weather conditions, improving the level of meat-milk production. In our country, the economic performance of dairy production is determined by genetics, nutrition, environmental conditions and management systems. Any change in the production systems must be adequate and gradual, avoiding sudden changes that affect the comfort of the animals. It is concluded that the main factors that affect animal welfare in a dairy farm are environmental factors such as: high ambient temperatures, relative humidity, air currents, high solar radiation, few shady areas; and handling since their productive performance depends on these. For this, it is recommended to correctly select the geographic and regional area where the dairy operation will be practiced, as well as the ideal selection of the genetics to be used in the operation, so that productivity is more optimal.