Evaluación de tres distancias de siembra en estado fenológico vegetativo de plantas meristemáticas de banano en la granja santa inés

Abstract

The cultivation of bananas and plantains is the twelfth in the ranking of production and the most important fruit for sale in the world; (Musa x paradisiaca) is one of the clones with the greatest presence in the production of the regions on the coast, reaching 89%; saw 10%, and orient 1%.; In most regions, Williams predominates, its sowing distance is very varied, depending on the area and soil characteristics, it is sown at 2.7 x 2.9 m between plants, an average of 1450 to 1500 plants per hectare; thus producing 2500 to 2800 boxes per year; in El Oro it is the most cultivated. The objective of this project was to evaluate the three sowing distances in the cultivation of musacea in the vegetative state of the crop, in the Santa Inés Farm of the Technical University of Machala; from the El Oro province, in order to evaluate its morphological characteristics according to the distance and its presence of chlorophyll in the plant. In the test area, a completely randomized block experimental design (BCA) was used, with different planting distances in the 6 plots with 20 repetitions, making a total of 60 plants to evaluate Treatment 1; Treatment 2; Treatment 3. The variables evaluated were: plant height; foliar emission; number of sheets; chlorophyll (third leaf); leaf area; The stem of the plant was placed with the same fertilization at different distances to see the effect. The analysis of the data was indicating that in its vegetative stage there is no statistical but numerical significance that is not influenced by the interaction of the sowing distance; the sowing methods did not affect the variables. Its foliar emission in its vegetative phase (1.2 weekly leaves) the distance with the greatest statistical change was Treatment 3 (1.3 leaves) with its highest mean compared to the other distances; the best result was obtained by reducing the sowing distance. At its height, Treatment 1 reached (46.34 cm) while Treatment 3 reached (46.27 cm) and Treatment 2 reached its means (46.24 cm) respectively. Regarding the variables of the number of leaves, Treatment 1 stands out, being the best result in leaves (12.50) while Treatment 2 reached its means (12.43) and Treatment 3 (12.36); the stem stands out Treatment 1 was the best result (2.03 cm); Regarding the foliar area, the result that stands out the most is Treatment 1 with a result (0.27 〖cm〗^2); its variable chlorophyll the third leaf was taken to see the greenness of the leaf the best treatment in the different distances is Treatment 1 obtained the best in chlorophyll (62.01 µ.〖cm〗^(-2)). Treatment 1 in the following variables had the best result; (Height) with a value of 46.34, number of leaves with a value of 12.50 leaves, stem with 2.03 cm, leaf area with a value of 0.27 〖cm〗^2 and chlorophyll with a value of (62.01 µ.〖cm〗^(-2)). In Treatment 1, planting distances do not influence the first stages in terms of the variables that we verify in the trial; Also to the human eye, the culture did not present major differences in the batches.