Comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de acelga cultivar fordhook giant, bajo diferentes distancias de siembra en la granja santa inés.

Abstract

At present, agriculture has taken on great importance and more strength in society, among one of the causes is the health crisis generated by the SARS CoV-2 virus, leading to families making gardens at home or cultivating in empty land, taking advantage of these areas in order to protect their health and eat in a healthier way. Chard is one of the main leafy vegetables that have a high nutritional and economic value for many families, and it is also highly desired worldwide. At present the conventional and agroecological system is used; The conventional system is more feasible for the production of chard, but it is highly polluting and harmful for the consumer and producer, while the agroecological system plays an important role in caring for the environment. The cultivation of chard is developed in different areas of Ecuador, it has a great adaptability to different climatic conditions. The present research work was carried out in the Santa Inés farm located in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, belonging to the Technical University of Machala; province of El Oro, where the agronomic behavior of the chard cultivar Fordhook Giant was evaluated, under different planting distances. To evaluate the effect of planting distances on morphoagronomic parameters, a simple Latin square design was used, since planting distances are manipulated and two uncontrolled factors (soil moisture and temperature) are presented that can influence the results by what was necessary to apply the double blocking technique and create columns and rows. Each sowing distance corresponds to a treatment, the distances under study were T1 (15 cm), T2 (25 cm), T3 (35 cm), T4 (45 cm) between plants and 50 cm between rows. The variables evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after sowing were: leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm) and agricultural yield (t/ha). To verify whether or not there were significant statistical differences between the planting distances as a function of the variables evaluated, an intergroup factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. By obtaining the results, it is indicated that in the variable length and width of the leaf there was no incidence of the sowing distance, so no statistical difference was found. The behavior of the growth dynamics of chard was similar in the four planting distances studied. The variables that allowed to establish the agricultural yield were: length and width of the leaf, placing the T1 with the best agricultural yield (76.78 t / ha) surpassing the other treatments, for which it is concluded that a better yield and adaptability to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Santa Inés Farm.