Efecto de la densidad poblacional y la nutrición en el ratio de racimos de banano

Abstract

In Ecuador there are large extensions of land dedicated to the production of banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) that through different methods achieve better levels of production and quality that justify the investment cost of producers, since it is of great importance in the agricultural sector, it is also considered a staple food in tropical countries. The world's leading producer is India (36.52%) followed in order of importance by China (13.53%), Indonesia (9.29%), Brazil (8.17%) and in fifth place Ecuador (8.05%). Ecuador produces bananas mainly in the coastal zone (El Oro, Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas) and in the warm zones of the highlands (Cañar and Loja), which have specialized in the production and export of the crop. This work focuses on the complementary nutrition of banana crops with the use of nitrogen fertilizers in conjunction with a source of potassium applied to the foliage. Fertilization is a very important cultural task that when applied covers deficiencies of microelements and macroelements that affect plant growth, improves cell structure and increases the leaf area. The present research work was carried out in the Experimental Farm "Santa Inés" belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, which has an area of 7.5 hectares, located in the province of Machala. 5 hectares, located in the province of El Oro, Machala canton, parish "El Cambio" with a geographical location 03°17'16¨ South Latitude and 79°54'05¨ West Longitude, its field phase lasted 120 days that began with the appearance of the bunches and ended with the harvest in which all the variables proposed in the study were evaluated. Three treatments and 30 replicates per lot were used in the experimental area: T1 = Urea 75 g + Zinc Oxide 10 g + Boric Acid 5 g + Fossil Shell 10 g; T2 = Ammonium Nitrate 90 g + Zinc Oxide 5 g + Boric Acid + Fossil Shell 10 g; T3 = Absolute control without application. The study variables were: (ALTP) plant height at emergence; (ALTH) son height at harvest; (EfoliarP) leaf emission at emergence; leaves at bunch cut; (HCORTE) leaves at bunch cut; ( PRAQUIS) rachis weight; (PTMANOS) total hand weight; (PTOTAL) total bunch weight; (PMSOL) sun hand weight; (NMANOS) number of hands in the bunch; (MILDEDO) lower hand finger length; (MICAL) lower hand calibration; (MSLDEDO) sun hand finger length; (MSCAL) sun hand calibration; (NDMS) number of fingers in the sun hand; (RATIO). A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, all the variables evaluated were subjected to data analysis with the help of the SPSS program by performing a one-factor ANOVA. Tukey's test was used to measure the differences between treatment means with 0.05 significance. It is recommended that leaf removal be carried out before calving and that 8 functional leaves be left and that potassium-based foliar fertilizers be used to complete and correct nutritional deficiencies that improve fruit filling and greater productivity.