Evaluación de los efectos de las enmiendas edáficas de biochar+sio2 y yeso agrícola en el desarrollo de musa spp.

Abstract

Soil is the fundamental resource for the development of many species, playing a role in the sustainability of both natural and agricultural ecosystems. The application of chemical fertilizers affects the activity of beneficial soil microorganisms essential to maintain its fertility, negative effects erode the soil affecting microorganisms and plants that live there, there is a wide range of organisms that interact in the soil, creating a variety of biochemical activities in their habitat, being essential to preserve soil life. The conversion of available organic raw materials to biochar can be an important alternative in smallholder farming systems since the application of biochar improves soil carbon sequestration and provides other advantages for soil productivity, such as reduction of bulk density, improvement of water and nutrient retention capacity, stabilization of soil organic matter, improvement of microbial activity and sequestration of heavy metals and pesticides. With the above mentioned the research work aims to analyze the efficacy of the different components of biochar + silicon oxide + agricultural gypsum on the growth of banana plants (Cavendish) in combination of a bioferment, by measuring several agronomic parameters of the plant both mother and child, chemical properties of the soil pH, organic matter and root weight. A completely randomized design was carried out in a banana farm with a Cavendish clone variety located at the La Iberia site in the city of Machala, province of El Oro, delimiting five plots for the trial, establishing 4 treatments and a control or control, each treatment with 15 replications: T1 and T3(15g of biochar), T2 and T4(30g of biochar) mixed with 100 g of SiO2 and 50 ml of biol, and finally T0(100 g of SiO2 and 50 ml of biol). The variables evaluated were: number of leaves of the mother, number of leaves of the son, thickness of the pseudostem-son, height of the son, at the end a prism was made in the soil to remove its roots and obtain the percentage of biomass; a soil analysis was also carried out to determine the percentage of organic matter and pH. The effects presented by the different treatments insidio efficiently in the leaf emission which is positive because the photosynthetic load of the plant is greater, in the first variable of number of leaves of the mother plant there was a considered leaf increase of which the T1 presented the best efficiency; for the following variable number of leaves in the daughter plant obtained a good increase in leaf emission with similar means (10.67) between treatments T0-T4 and treatments T2-T3 (10.40). In the pseudostem-son variable, its thickness increased, presenting means of 42.13 cm (T2) and 46.6 cm (T0), this being the highest mean; for the height of the son, it increased progressively, with values of 216.40 cm (T1), this being the best. In root weight, the best treatment was T3 with a higher biomass (22.1 g) than the other treatments; the highest percentage of organic matter was obtained from T2 and T4, unlike the others; while the measurement of pH showed a great change in the treatments, with slightly alkaline pH, of which the highest values were in treatments T1 and T0. The combination of the different doses responded positively and efficiently in the development of banana plants, intervening in all the variables to be measured with very noticeable results represented in the study of this research, obtaining the best results in treatments T1 (15 g of Biochar + 100 g of silicon + 50 ml of Biol) and T0 (100 g of silicon + 50 ml of Biol).