Evaluación de la viabilidad de semillas en cinco variedades de maíz sometidas a envejecimiento acelerado

Abstract

Corn is one of the most important cereals worldwide, with the United States being the largest producer of corn, in Ecuador corn is grown on a large scale especially in the provinces of Los Ríos, Manabí, Guayas and Loja, then determine the vigor of corn seeds is very important, so that our farmers do not have losses of great magnitude, it is emphasized that not everything depends on the vigor of a plant for its production, there are also other factors that can affect their performance, such as be the climate, soil, water quality, among others. The accelerated aging test was carried out in the plant health laboratory located at the Technical University of Machala, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences belonging to the province of El Oro, Machala canton, El Cambio parish, five varieties of seeds were used for the test of hybrid corn such as Trueno NB7443, Triunfo NB7253, Hercules, Dekalb 7080 and Advanta 9139 these varieties are very commercial nationwide, especially Trueno NB7443 which has a great acceptance in the producers of the province, four stratified samples of eighty seeds were taken for each variety of corn, giving a total of 20 samples that were distributed for the control and the treatments, therefore a T0: control for each variety, T1: treatment 1 in the same way for each variety, T2: treatment 2 will be repeated for each variety and T3: treatment 3 will also be performed for the five varieties, the methodology that was used for real Hoisting the test was subtracted from ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) for the most part, working with the highest temperature determined by ISTA in its range of 40ºC to 45ºC and with a relative humidity of 100%. The times for each test according to ISTA and the methodology consulted were 24h, 48h and 72h, it should be reiterated that a control was left to compare with the treatments. T0: 0h, T1: 24h, T2: 48h and T3: 72, after performing the accelerated aging test, a sowing of the seedlings was made to obtain variables such as Seed Color, Seed Shape, Leaf Length, Width of the leaf, Shape of the leaf, Weight of the root and Weight of the plant. The results were tabulated, two statistical tests Kolmogorow-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk were carried out, yielding a normality (<0.05 p-value), with their respective ANOVA of the time of exposure to heat giving significant differences between the varieties that were evaluated, I feel the T0 the highest point, this is due to the fact that it was not affected by the temperature, the TruenoNB7443 variety stands out in the weight of the plant that was not so affected by the temperature, the leaf length was more constant in the Advanta9139 variety, the width of the leaf it was noted that Advanta9139 again presented a constancy, while Hercules was affected, in the shape of the leaf no significant change was noticed due to the fact that the leaves are a similar characteristic in all varieties, the color of the seed It is a factor that did not have a great variation, especially in the Trueno NB7443, Dekalb 7080 and Advanta 9139 varieties, the seed shape was not affected by high temperature in no variety.