Efecto de microorganismos eficientes con diferentes dosis de biocarbón en la propagación de plantas de banano usando cormitos

Abstract

The banana crop is one of the most important food crops, it is the fourth most important food crop in the world, followed by maize, rice and wheat. It is a monocotyledonous herbaceous plant, belongs to the Musaceae family and is native to Southeast Asia. It is a very important crop for Ecuador, as the production and export of the fruit is a great contribution to the economy, especially in the province of El Oro. At national level different varieties are sown, but the most important are Cavendish, Williams and Grand Nain, for this reason it was decided to carry out this research using the traditional method of propagation, which is through offspring and rhizome, for which the best chives of 5 to 20 cm were selected, for optimum development and protection of the plants, mountain micro-organisms were used, which provide benefits such as disease control, To stop the loss of fertility, chemical, physical and biological properties and to retain humidity, biochar was added to stop the loss of fertility and to retain humidity. This research was carried out to measure the effect of efficient microorganisms with different doses of biochar in the propagation of banana plants using cormites of three varieties, evaluating the behaviour of the different variables in each of the treatments, which provided reliable information that will be of great help to banana producers. This experiment was carried out in the experimental nursery of the Santa Inés farm belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, which is located on the Pan-American Avenue, km 5 ½, on the Machala Pasaje road. The best corms were selected and those that were most similar in size, with the help of a machete the roots were eliminated and at the end they were washed only with water because the efficient microorganisms help to control the pathogens that are found in the corm. A completely randomised factorial experimental design was established, where two study factors were manipulated with three Williams - Cavendish - Grand Nain banana varieties and four doses of amendments), with materials and a completely homogeneous experimental environment. Of which the Grand Nain variety rebounded in all treatments, but with the application of the dose of 200 grams of efficient microorganisms + 15 grams of biochar it obtained the maximum length with an average of 13.9 cm, followed by the Cavendish variety (9.2 cm) and William (5.0 cm), which had the greatest length with a mean of 13.9 cm. 0 cm) which had the greatest lengths with the application of the dose of 200 grams of efficient microorganisms + 15 grams of biochar and in the percentage of yield it was determined that the Grand Nain and Cavendish variety with the application of the treatment of 200 grams of efficient microorganisms + 15 grams of biochar reached 100% yield, while the William variety with the application of the treatment of 100 grams of efficient microorganisms + 5 grams of biochar managed to reach 86.67%.