Comportamiento de cuatro cultivares de cilantro (coriandrum sativum l.) en el canton atahualpa de la provincia el oro

Abstract

Cilantro is widely consumed in most households, for this reason it is a crop with great demand worldwide, it is produced for fresh consumption or its fruits for oil extraction, the main coriander producing countries are: Russia, India, Morocco, Mexico, Romania, Argentina, Iran and Pakistan; it is estimated that this plant generates an estimated US$ 6000 million and that the sector is growing between 5 and 6% per year. In Ecuador the cultivated area corresponds to 791 ha, where the main cilantro-producing provinces were: Imbabura, Pichincha, Chimborazo, Carchi, Tungurahua and Bolívar; these provinces had a cultivable area of 347 ha and 1494 metric tons harvested. The agronomic management of vegetables includes different strategies such as biological, botanical, ethological and chemical control, with the objective of maintaining sustainable economic and ecological development, which is why there is a need for research on different crops that allow small and medium farmers to increase and diversify productivity, and thus avoid absolute dependence on monocultures, cilantro has various uses ranging from medicinal and culinary to industrialization processes. For example, the leaves are used in cooking, the fruit can be used whole or ground in certain preparations such as bread and as a seasoning for meats. The general objective of this research is to determine the performance of four cultivars of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in the Atahualpa Canton of El Oro Province. The adaptability study covered four cultivars of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.); Long Standing, Anita, Slow Bolting and Caribe. These were established in a residential lot in a rural area of the Canton of Atahualpa, in the province of El Oro. The area where the experiment was developed is located in front of Reina del Cisne street and after the Paccha-Zaruma road. It is also located at the coordinates 3°35'25.65'' South latitude and 79°38'57.05" West longitude, and with an elevation of 1265 m.a.s.l. A simple Latin Square design (4x4) was used, which consisted of 16 experimental units, with four treatments and four replicates, each row or furrow was separated by a distance of 0.5m and the experimental units at 0.6m remaining as a corridor to have free access to another. Each experimental unit had an area of 4m2 (2m x 2m), the total area of the experiment was 96.04m2 (9.8m long and 9.8m wide). The agronomic management was carried out from soil preparation, layout of the design, furrowing of the experimental units, sowing, weed control with its corresponding mulching, irrigation, ethological control and harvesting. The following variables were measured: plant height, plant weight and agricultural yield of the green mass of the crop. In the statistical procedure, measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion were found. In order to establish if there are significant differences between the four cultivars of coriander, whose object of study in relation to plant height at different points of its development, weight and agricultural yield per experimental unit. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed between groups, once the assumptions of the additive linear model were met. Post-hoc tests or Duncan's multiple comparisons were also performed to find similarities or differences between cultivars with respect to each established variable. Simple bar graphs were used for the graphical representations. In the results of plant length at 30, 40 and 50 days after planting the Long Standing cultivar presented the highest values, in the agricultural yield of green mass the Long Standing cultivar obtained the highest tonnage per hectare compared to the other cultivars and in conclusion this cultivar presented the greatest adaptability to the natural conditions of the place.