Evaluación de enmiendas de biochar+humus en la productividad de theobramo cacao l, y en el ph del suelo

Abstract

Ecuador is a country with great production of CCN-51 cocoa, characterized by its edaphoclimatic conditions, a type of soil rich in nutrients, which help the cultivation of cocoa due to its fine aroma and quality. The purpose of cocoa production is that everything is in a natural way helping to improve the pH of the soil, cocoa production, avoiding the use of chemical fertilizers that help soil degradation, lowering fertility, becoming poor soils. One of the alternatives is to use organic amendments such as compost, Biol, humus, this improves the soil and developing with a high content of organic matter, helping the chemical, physical properties, as the main one, biocarbon was used, which is something natural produced by the cocoa shells, which is why it has been investigated that they have many properties because they are a carbon sequestrant that helps to improve the soil by increasing organic matter and water retention, generating a positive impact on the soil. To know the effects of biochar depends on compositions of the raw material that is used in the process. As we detail the aforementioned, the main objective is to analyze the impacts of the different amendments to the soil through the use of biochar + humus, in the productivity and control of Theobroma cacao L diseases, the quantification of agronomic parameters of the crop, the pH soil, cocoa pod morphology. The experimental research was carried out in the field, with the CCN-51 cocoa collection of the Chávez Gallegos farm located in the El Guabo canton, where the completely randomized design was established where 4 study units were assigned with 15 repetitions the doses of each Treatment are: T0 (100 g of humus), T1 (25 g of biochar + 50 g of worm humus + Biol), T2 (10 g of biochar + 100 g of earthworm humus + Biol), T3 (50 g of biochar) The quantifications of the variables such as number of diseased and healthy pods, number of flower pads, were also collected 5 pods for each treatment, once carried out, the weight of the pod was carried out, the weight of the 100 fresh cocoa almonds and dry to quantify. Soil analysis was performed in the laboratory to determine the pH, organic matter before and after the application, giving a high increase with the doses of biochar of each treatment. Giving positive results with the doses of biochar in the number of healthy and diseased ears with the treatments of the last observation is T2, T0 being the best of all, in the floral bearing the one that had the greatest effect the biochar of the last observation is the T2, the weight of the cob was evaluated, the dry and fresh almonds weighed and the one that had the greatest increase is T2, T0 due to its dose of biochar + humus aided by weight, which shows very positive effects. For a better production and quantity in the cob weight, the T2 dose is recommended (10 g of biochar + 100 g worm humus + Biol).