Comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de acelga cultivar fordhook giant, con diferentes fertilizantes orgánicos en la granja experimental santa inés.

Abstract

Chard is a crop that has been consumed since ancient times and is in great demand in countries such as Italy, France, Holland, Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. In Ecuador it is widely consumed and produced mainly in the Sierra region, since these areas have optimal soil and climate for the development of this vegetable. Fordhook Giant Chard is one of the main cultivars produced in the country and therefore the most easily marketed for domestic trade, since all of its production is sold nationally. Organic fertilizers or biofertilizers are widely used in any type of crop, as they have low production costs and are of good quality. Biol is an organic biostimulant in liquid form, obtained through the anaerobic decomposition of animal waste such as guano, as well as vegetable waste, which is a source of nutrients that are easily assimilated by plants. Its main characteristic is that it helps the availability of nutrients in the soil by creating a microclimate that can be used by the plant, and also helps plants to take root. Compost is an organic fertilizer that can be used in any crop and at any stage of cultivation, it releases nutrients gradually so that the transformation of compost in the soil suits the needs of vegetables in general. The general objective of the research is: To evaluate the agronomic behavior of the chard crop (Beta vulgaris L. cultivar Fordhook Giant), with different organic fertilizers in the Santa Inés experimental farm. The experiment was carried out at the "Santa Inés" farm, which belongs to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, in the canton of Machala, province of El Oro, the experimental area is located under the geographical coordinates 3° 17' 33.07'' S latitude south and 79° 54' 54.6'' W longitude west, and an altitude of 5 meters above sea level. A completely randomized block experimental design (4x7) was used, consisting of 28 experimental units with four replications and seven treatments. The crop was completely managed until harvest. The variables were measured every 15 days after planting: leaf length, leaf width, plant weight and agricultural yield were estimated once the harvest was completed, using data summary measures such as measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. With the objective of establishing if there are significant differences between the seven different doses of organic fertilizer that was applied edaphically to the chard crop, with the study in relation to leaf height, leaf width, weight and agricultural yield. For this purpose, inter-subject factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out once the assumptions of additivity were fulfilled, then post-hoc or Duncan's multiple comparisons range tests were performed to establish if there are differences or similarities between the different doses applied in each treatment. According to the results, the dose of Compost Biol (5.00 kg/m2) obtained the highest values of leaf height and width in centimeters at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, as well as the best growth dynamics and the highest agricultural yield of green mass in tons per ha, which leads to the conclusion that the treatment with the dose of Compost Biol (5.00 kg/m2) had a positive influence on the chard crop to reach its maximum development.