Evaluación del efecto de fertilizantes nitrogenados en combinación de enmiendas orgánicas en el desarrollo radicular del banano

Abstract

In countries with a tropical climate, banana cultivation is among the top 5 items of economic significance in the valuation of its GDP because it provides innumerable jobs that contribute to its socioeconomic development. It is established that the impact of world production of this fruit is above 113.9 million tons per year. Due to the high demand for minerals for productivity, fertilizers have become a very important ally for the producers of this false berry as they provide those extra additions to the sometimes-low levels of nutrition of the cultivated soil. The valuable contributions conferred by the organic amendments essential for a correct balance of the microfauna many times atrophied by bad agricultural practices that deteriorate the soils, eroding them and making them unable to support agricultural production operations because they not only contribute with organic matter, they also improve their physical and chemical properties. The experimental work was carried out at the Santa Inés Experimental Farm, which is linked to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences that belongs to the UTMACH, established in the province of El Oro, Ecuador, whose object of research was to analyze the effects of nitrogen fertilizers in combination of organic amendments in banana root development. For the experiment, the random block analysis method was used with 4 treatments. T1 = Yara Rega Azutek (10 gr) + Biochar (5 gr) + Fossil Shell Agro (5 gr), (A + B + F); T2 = Urea (10 gr) + Biochar (5 gr) + Fossil Shell Agro (5 gr), (U + B + F); T3 = Ammonium nitrate (10 gr) + Biochar (5 gr) + Fossil Shell Agro (5 gr), (NAM + B + F); T4 = YaraRega Azutek + (10 gr) + Ammonium nitrate (10 gr) + Urea (10 gr), (A + NAM + U). With the variables obtained, the data was analyzed in the SPSS version 22 software. Establishing the ANOVA of a factor as a whole of the Tuckey test at 0.05 of significance. It turned out that the treatment Azutek 10 g + Urea 10 g + NAM 10g (A + U + NAM) was the most significant in the variables of height and stem of the plant 69.60 and 17.52 cm respectively, while in the variables of foliar emission and number of leaves the treatment of Urea 10 g + Biochar 5 g + Fossil Shell Agro 5g (U + B + F) reached the means of 1.43 and 8 healthy leaves the highest values of means in the banana crop in the vegetative stage. Stating that an alternative of inorganic mineral compounds combined with organic amendments facilitate adequate conditions due to the improvement of the levels of organic matter and soil microbiology used by the growing populations of microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere, within the conditions of warm temperatures. near the root provided by the biochar and small traces of micronutrients that diatomaceous earth contains, serving efficiently for its growth in plant biomass.