Efectos de aplicaciones nutricionales edáficas complejos npk y mezclas físicas en la producción de banano en la granja santa inés

Abstract

Over the years the banana crop has presented a great demand by consumers thanks to its nutritional properties, according to the regulations currently exposed which proposed for banana producing countries in Central and South America, fertilization ranges based on reference nutritional content in soil, of which N, P, K, Ca and Mg etc. are used. Therefore, the use of different doses was proposed for the fertilization of the banana crop, which is an essential factor for the development of the fruit, guaranteeing optimum yield levels in addition to maintaining the physiological balances required by the plant for its normal functioning. The use of fertilizers is generally based on the use of physical mixtures, that is to say, the mixture of several simple edaphic fertilizers for their application. Most of the studies found refer to methods of NPK components generally known as chemical mixtures, which present several positive aspects, although they can be a little inaccessible for farmers with scarce economic resources, there is misinformation about fertilization due to the absence of native studies, our fertilization programs are based on foreign studies, leaving in doubt if the application is correct. The effectiveness varies with the species and the substances involved including the duration of the absorption process fluctuates in a wide range. The present work has an experimental character whose objective is to analyze the effects of edaphic nutritional applications between NPK complexes and physical mixtures in a banana plantation of the Williams variety. The present work was developed in the banana plantation located at the Santa Inés farm on the premises of the Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences (FCA) of the UTMACH, province of El Oro - Ecuador. A completely randomized block design (3x3) was tested, where one study factor was controlled (three synthetic fertilizers from different commercial houses), with three replications and three treatments. The presence of an uncontrolled factor (soil fertility) can affect the final results. For this situation, this blocking technique is applied, which allows isolating this factor by means of blocks, 9 experimental units were established. All experimental units had an area of 54 m2 (18 m x 3 m), with a net area of 486 m2. The three treatments were divided into six treatments, of which three treatments were applied with a period of one cycle (one month), the remaining three treatments were applied interspersed in an inter-cycle period. The variables to be measured were: growth (height of son - height of son - height of mother plant - height of mother plant - length of finger on second hand - length of finger on last hand), development (weekly leaf emission - number of fingers on second hand - number of fingers on last hand - harvest leaf) and yield (ratio - weight - hands per bunch). According to the results obtained, treatment III of the physical mixtures and NPK complexes was the one that responded best to all the established variables in comparison to the other two treatments applied, followed by treatment II and finally treatment I, showing to be the commercial product with the least properties that promote the development of the William variety banana crop.