Influencia del tipo de cultivar y distancia de siembra en parámetros morfológicos y agronómicos del cultivo del ajonjolí

Abstract

Sesame, is one of the most remote crops in the world and of great importance, it is considered the queen of seeds due to its high oil content, the main fatty acids being linoleic and oleic with average values of 45.7% and 37.2% respectively, in addition, they are being used in industries for their great nutritional value, it contains proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals and vitamins. Currently there is a world harvested area of 12 821 752 ha, a production of 6 549 725 tons of seeds and an agricultural yield of 0.5108 t ha-1. The crop adapts to different soils, although it responds very well to soils with sandy loam and clay loam textures with good water filtration for optimal development of the root system and ensuring nutrient and water absorption. Irrigation must be well distributed during its vegetative phase and especially during flowering to increase yield at harvest. The present research work was carried out at the Santa Inés farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences belonging to the Technical University of Machala, El Oro province, with the aim of Evidence of the effect of the combination of cultivars at different planting distances by measuring Morpho-agronomic parameters of sesame cultivation in the Santa Inés farm. A completely randomized complete block design was used, where there are 2 controlled factors (sesame cultivars and sowing distance) and the uncontrolled factor (soil fertility), establishing 4 replications for each combination; The sesame cultivars are of seeds (black, white and brown) and the sowing distances were (40 cm x 40 cm and 40 cm x 30 cm), the combinations were the following, a1b1 (black cultivar-40 cm x 40 cm ), a1b2 (black cultivar-30 cm x 40 cm), a2b1 (white cultivar-40 cm x 40 cm), a2b2 (white cultivar-30 cm x 40 cm), a3b1 (brown cultivar-40 cm x 40 cm) and a3b2 (grow coffee-30 cm x 40 cm). The variables investigated were morphological variables (plant height, number of branches and number of reproductive nodes at 90 days after sowing and productive variables (total capsules, the main stem and productive branches at 110 days, as well as seeds per capsule and agricultural yield at harvest to determine which combination between cultivar and sowing distance is the best for the benefit of the producer. The statistical analysis shows us that in the growth of the crop the combinations a3b1, a2b2, a2b1 and a3b2 presented high values which present significant differences with the remaining combinations a1b1 and a1b2, so it can be analyzed that There was a favorable development with respect to height in the 2 cultivars with their respective sowing distances. However, in the other morphological and productive variables the combinations a1b1 and a1b2 presented favorable results unlike the other combinations where there are significant differences with the other combinations; In the yield variable (t ha-1) it was observed that the most appropriate combination was a1b2 (black cultivar - 30 cm x 40 cm) where it presented the highest value (0.367 t ha-1) with a population density of 83 333 plants / ha, therefore it is appreciated that this combination favorably adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the study area.