Análisis de un caso clínico de cólera en una paciente de 21 años, para un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Abstract

Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by consuming food and water contaminated by the Vibrio cholerae bacillus. According to the WHO, each year there are between 1.3 and 4 million cases, causing 21,000 to 143,000 deaths from this cause, becoming a global threat to public health.The objective of this work was to analyze the clinical aspects of cholera, gathering scientific information for an adequate diagnosis and treatment. To carry out the purpose of the research, a descriptive study was used using updated scientific articles and clinical recommendations that respond to the practical case. It has been concluded that the clinical aspects are characterized by abundant evacuations, frequent vomiting, accompanied by hypotension and a weak or absent pulse, which would be the key severe signs for the diagnosis. For its detection it is necessary to carry out rapid tests through a fresh examination under a dark field microscope where we can see the vibrions moving, in addition another method to detect this pathology is to carry out a bacterial culture. The main treatment for cholera is hydration to the patient depending on its state of severity, in mild cases rehydration salts are used orally and for patients with severe dehydration, Ringer's lactate plus drug therapy with doxycycline is administered intravenously for an early eradication of the bacterium V. cholerae.