Importancia de la hematología forense en el análisis descriptivo y comparativo de identificación de manchas de sangre con fines forenses

Abstract

Forensic hematology is applied in the reconstruction of a crime and identification of blood stains, as it is the evidence that is most frequently found at a crime scene, providing valuable and detailed information on very specific things for the clarification of a criminal act. Our objective was to demonstrate the importance of forensic hematology through descriptive and comparative analysis for the investigation and identification of blood stains within the forensic-chemical expertise. The methodology used is descriptive, because the importance of forensic hematology and blood as evidence of a criminal offense was described, as well as methods for their respective analysis, through bibliographic sources indexed in official journals such as Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet, EBSCO. Therefore, we conclude that forensic hematology allows us to reconstruct a crime scene and identify those involved through blood analysis, using specific methods and techniques. The study of blood spots begins with orientation tests, accompanied by a certainty analysis. For the cases of latent blood stains, revealing methods are used, such as luminol, bluestar, lucerol, in the case of stains of liquid, dry blood or clots, colorimetric orientation methods are used, and crystallographic methods of certainty, in addition to immunochromatographic methods, and DNA typing by PCR, to identify those involved. Finally, we can point out that Raman spectroscopy is a reliable and non-destructive method that offers substantial advantages over current bloodstain techniques in forensic investigations.