Diagnóstico bacteriológico ambiental de aguas residuales vertidas en el canal adyacente al sitio Mariscal Sucre, Cantón Machala

Abstract

The present work was carried out in the Mariscal Sucre community as a study phenomenon due to the undue activities they carry out, the research has a quali-quantitative approach with its types of descriptive, applied and correlational research as a basis for the development of the project, its methodology is based in a water analysis taking as study instruments the use of software such as GPS, ArcGIS, Google Earth and AutoCAD for the development of maps and design of the treatment plant. Water analyzes were carried out based on the complementary guide for wastewater samples, performing a simple sampling for microbiological parameters which should be taken from the coordinates of the sample place, the time, date and name of the site, to be sent to the laboratory. The samples must be refrigerated, the parameters that were evaluated are fecal coliforms, total coliforms and Escherichia Coli for the microbiological determination of the water body. The bacteriological diagnosis was carried out in the channel adjacent to the sector called kilometer 14 and a half, which the results of the analyzes obtained were very high, for the determination of its microbiological quality index, national regulations were taken into account such as Ministerial Agreement No. 097 ; (TULSMA, 2015); (WHO, 2006) and international standards such as: Water quality standard and discharge control AG-CC-01 of the Dominican Republic for water quality, Management of the quality of bathing water by the European Union, a table was made comparative to know if its value is above what is established in the regulations, in table 6 for recreational use, for which its values ​​exceeded the maximum permissible limits generating socio-environmental impacts in the Mariscal Sucre community To minimize negative impacts such as bad odors, landscape alteration, damage to the ecosystem, the design of a septic tank was proposed, which is recommended for medium-sized populations and with a low investment cost, it will be located in a remote place from the population, the proposal The project will be financed by the decentralized autonomous government who will be in charge of its execution and maintenance of the septic tank, it will have a primary and secondary treatment, it will be in charge of eliminating sedimentable solids and fecal matter, improving the quality of the water when discharged. to channel. The dimensions of the tank will be according to the population based on the Salvadoran technical regulations for the design and construction of an ordinary wastewater treatment system in rural areas.The tank will have a grating chamber, a septic tank, an absorption well and Infiltration trenches for its design will be taking into account the water flow of the entire population. The implementation of a treatment system in the Mariscal Sucre community arises from the need of the population to minimize the impacts generated by the discharge of black water from the toilets and due to the lack of sewerage through its execution, the population would benefit from having your own treatment system