Diagnóstico del impacto ambiental por el uso de plástico convencional en el cantón Santa Rosa periodo 2020 2021

Abstract

The main purpose of this research was to diagnose the environmental impact caused by the use of conventional plastics within the Santa Rosa canton between 2020 and 2021. This was done through specific objectives, such as: knowing the volume of plastic waste that enter the landfill annually, monthly and daily; We also proceeded to analyze the social part, knowing their perspective on the subject of conventional plastics, their use, classification and their final disposal; and finally, it was also determined what are the environmental impacts, whether positive or negative, that arise from the daily use of this type of plastic. The methodology under which the research was developed is under a mixed approach, also known as quali-quantitative, in this way to holistically analyze the problem in question. In addition, the types of research used are descriptive, exploratory and correlational research. Within the study, different research techniques were used, such as in situ observation, surveys, interviews with both the population of Santa Rosa and the authorities in charge, as well as an importance matrix for the identification of impacts. The surveys were carried out to the population of the canton under the online mode, in which they were asked closed questions about their perception of the handling of conventional plastics near their home and their knowledge on the subject of bioplastics. In total, they were asked ten questions that helped to have a better perspective on the subject in the study area. Likewise, instruments such as GPS and ArcGis were applied for the creation of relevant maps in the project. In the applied methodology, it was valued according to the parameters of sign, intensity, extension, moment, persistence, reversibility, synergy, accumulation, effect, periodicity and recoverability, which are valued according to a specific scale to later apply a formula . Said formula will provide a final numbering, which will be compared with the assessment scale, in order to obtain the final grade, which can be compatible, moderate, severe and critical. The matrix also contains all the processes, activities, environmental aspects and environmental impacts that intervene in the anthropogenic activity, which in this case is the use of conventional plastics in their various presentations. As results of the research, it was obtained that the environmental impacts generated by the daily use of conventional plastics, in homes, shops and other establishments of the Santa Rosa canton, implies a serious impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants and also of the ecosystem in which these activities take place. That is why the replacement of these plastics by a new bioplastic made from the rinds of consumed fruits was proposed. This proposal was feasible in all four aspects, this mainly rooted in the definition that it is friendly to the environment, it is an alternative for a fairly large need in a population where conventional plastics are used on a daily basis.