Diagnostico ambiental bacteriológico de vertidos generados en la Planta de tratamiento Pagua cantón El Guabo y planteamiento de medidas correctoras

Abstract

Wastewater discharges that do not have optimal treatment are the main source of contamination to bodies of water such as rivers, estuaries, streams and streams, reaching the sea as their final destination, causing various problems in nature's cycles such as people's health. The wastewater treatment plant of the Pagua Site is managed by the Public Company of Potable Water and Sewerage of the El Guabo Canton and the Department of Environmental Management, the structure has been operating for 12 years together with the sewerage of the place, the benefited families are around than 400 covering the entire sector. The WWTP currently owns by: • Pumping stations. - They have 3-inch pumps and have a basket that is used for the collection of large waste, in the same way, it has a system of valves that fulfill the function of preventing the residual water from returning once the filters are completely full. • Biological filters. - It is divided into four chambers, the two main chambers are where the water passes, in the third chamber we will find sand, gravel and ball stone and in the last chamber the water will come out with less dissolved organic matter. • Cistern. - Place where the water is stored before being directed towards the two main systems. • Effluent. - It is the discharge that is deposited or directed towards the Pagua river. For the Bacteriological Environmental Diagnosis, a "quali-quantitative" approach was used, field research, applied, documentary and correlational, in addition to the application of a laboratory analysis of the parameters "Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and Escherichia Coli" to determine the microbiological state in which the discharges from the wastewater treatment plant of Cantón El Guabo are found. Through various research techniques and instruments such as observation, interviews with various EPAAGUA and DGA authorities, the diagnosis could be optimized. As a final diagnosis, it was determined that the structure of the treatment plant does not fully fulfill its function in terms of water purification due to the fact that the capacity does not supply the family number of the site, the treatment is not working for the microbiological parameters, exceeding in Fecal Coliforms with 2.5 times, Total Coliforms with 24,097 times, however, with Escherichia Coli it is within the range. Taking into account the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation, Regulation of Water Quality and Control of Discharges AG-CC-01 of the Dominican Republic and Legal Regime of the Reuse of Purified Waters of Spain. As an integrating proposal, a possible Design of a chlorination tank / disinfection system was projected as a final treatment, in order to reduce microbiological loads. A scheme was proposed that goes according to the area of the treatment plant and the amount of the residual flow, in addition to the retention time that the residual water will have, thus reducing the LMP, obtaining as a final product a treated water free of contamination.