Vertidos urbanos de la parroquia La Iberia y su incidencia en la calidad ambiental del recurso agua del Estero Mogrovejo

Abstract

Direct wastewater discharges to bodies of water without prior treatment have become one of the main problems of environmental pollution and alteration in the quality of life of the people who live in the sector. The La Iberia parish has had a Wastewater Treatment Plant for 8 years, this plant has an incomplete structure for which it only presents primary treatment with a deficit in the biological part, in addition the facilities are in poor condition and are not in operation, for which the wastewater is discharged into the Mogrovejo canal. To determine the level of contamination that exists in the body of water where the wastewater is discharged, a water analysis was carried out, through the help of a certified laboratory, which allows to have a better knowledge about the contamination that is occurring in said place. The infrastructure of the WWTP that is located in the La Iberia parish is in terrible condition because it has not been monitored and followed up, that is, it only has primary treatment, so the proposal deals with an Implementation of a biological treatment system and activated sludge prior to discharge to the Mogrovejo estuary. Said Implementation will have the following benefits as well as for the Socio-Environmental part, because this infrastructure, by having all the processes for the purification of domestic wastewater that are discharged directly to Estero, will have a previous treatment, which will comply with all the Maximum Permissible Limits as set forth in the TULSMA. Within the infrastructure of the WWTP, it will have the following structure to guarantee the proper treatment of the water resource. In the Pretreatment phase, it begins with the entry of the wastewater to be treated through a Parshall and to continue its process by passing through a system of grids or also called screens, which helps to retain large solids, on the other hand In the primary treatment, it is carried out through gravity separation, separation centrifuges, Desander and primary clarifying or sedimentation tanks, these tanks contain waste water for several hours, the purpose of these tanks is that the heaviest particles produced by activated sludge settles to the bottom, while floating waste, being lighter like oil and hair, remains on the surface. All this process of the required proposal is to lower the levels of contamination that are currently within what is the Estero Mogrovejo, since according to the analyzes carried out within it, it exceeds the LMP, this is because it does not count with any previous treatment before being discharged directly, on the other hand, some required parameters were not included in the Ecuadorian Environmental Regulations, that is, they were compared with some International Regulations that help to verify the maximum level established in water discharges. residuals to a body of fresh water.