Cambio de uso del suelo en la subcuenca del Rio Chillayacu; un enfoque a la perdida de la cobertura vegetal

Abstract

In Ecuador there are areas of great productive and economic potential, located in the high areas of the province of El Oro, where ecosystem resources are increasingly degraded by pressure and inappropriate land use, hence the importance of investigating the dynamics of land use change in the Chillayacu watershed. The project consists of three chapters that are detailed below. Chapter I details the diagnosis of the object of study through the analysis of changes that occurred in the period 2000-2018, through statistical and spatial data of the coverage; but before, issues related to the study area were conceptualized. The objective of the research is to analyze the changes in land use in the Chillayacu River sub-basin through a spatial study over a period of 18 years, information that will allow the generation of possible scenarios for correct decision-making. Therefore, for the methodological process, cartographic data of the land cover / use was used on the website of the Ministry of the Environment, the information was digitized in the Arcgis program, for the analysis of the changes generated in the vegetation cover, it was used the Markov chain method, indicated by (2003), in the IDRISI jungle program. The results that stood out the most were the changes, from Forest to Agricultural land of 23.1%, from agricultural land to herbaceous vegetation of 0.06%. According to the results obtained previously, in chapter II the integrative proposal was proposed based on a prospective model for the construction of future scenarios allowing to know the anthropic activities that affect the ecosystem for the year 2030. For the prospecting, the methods were used of Markov chain and cellular automata in the IDRISI jungle software. The map shows that agricultural use continues to increase with an area of ​​86.22% of land, while the forest decreases due to the overexploitation of resources with an area of ​​7.54%. In chapter III the feasibility of the proposal was determined through research tools such as: in the technical dimension, an analysis of the methodological processes of the prospective model was carried out through a diagram, in the economic dimension the method of avoided costs was used, In the social dimension, the SWOT matrix was used, in the environmental dimension the PER model was used, showing that the proposal is feasible. In general, the study area is affected by agricultural and livestock activities. Given the lack of knowledge and the high demand for food, it has been accelerating in an uncontrolled way. Thus, rivers, streams and springs are the main receivers of sewage from different communities. Faced with the current situation, the application of the prospective model and the transactions of land use in the sub-basin will allow us to know the changes that will take place in the future. This information will help people to raise awareness and authorities to mechanize a correct PDOT, training programs to minimize the environmental impacts developed by the aforementioned activity, these being the main causes.