Violencia simbólica en la participación política de la mujer en la ciudad de Machala. Año 2021

Abstract

This research explores the mechanisms of power reproduction, to identify the repercussions of symbolic violence in the political participation of women, where they are socially tolerated and reproduced through micro-sexism and sexism, acts that are committed by so many men and women due to to the sociocultural stereotypes established today. Precisely the difficulty of recognizing the aggression, given the inexistence of a clear aggressor and even a deliberate intention of what is known as symbolic violence, was raised as a general objective: to identify the repercussions generated from symbolic violence in the political participation of the woman in the city of Machala. The specific objectives are aimed at identifying the forms of symbolic violence against women in political participation processes, analyzing the asymmetries of power in the generation of symbolic violence in spaces of electoral participation of women, establishing the kinds of sociocultural stereotypes that reproduce the symbolic violence and analyze the discourses of symbolic violence in the political participation of women. On the other hand; It should be mentioned that the sociological foundation of this study is critical theory, which seeks to understand the communicative process and relate theory to practice, to guide towards a social and historical change. As for the epistemological approach of the study, it is the inductive empirical one with a type of applied research and a qualitative methodology where the instruments to be used within this research are the interviews that are directed to the former candidates for the National Assembly in the province of El Oro and the DELPHI method aimed at academic experts on the aforementioned topic. As a result of the investigation, a strong incidence of symbolic violence against female candidates who recently started political activity was identified, while the most experienced female candidates had suffered this type of violence in their early political life. All of them have suffered and know that this violence is reflected through the exploitation of the female body, since it is seen as an object of consumption that is summarized in discriminatory factors for women, and the underestimation that men and society have towards women as a political activist. The most used means for the reproduction of this violence to be carried out are social networks and digital media, where the asymmetry of power is perplexed. However, it is worth mentioning that there are cases of women politicians who are unaware of this type of violence, in this line a proposal was developed for "Awareness of political women and citizenship: Symbolic violence, which is not felt, but exists", This involves a series of workshops aimed at women politicians, where their political parties or movements will have the knowledge to be able to transmit to their bases and militancy and a massive communication campaign in the city of Machala. The proposal aims to reduce the levels of symbolic violence