Estudio comparativo en preescolares acerca de habilidades motoras finas para desarrollar la preescritura

Abstract

Currently, the importance of early stimulation and general preparation of children during the first years of life is indisputable, who are especially cared for and stimulated in initial education programs that prioritize the comprehensive development of cognitive, socio-emotional and psychomotor skills and abilities. in learning by discovery and experimentation, with significant experiences that allow the manipulation of objects, to perceive their qualities and characteristics that define them, at the same time that they strengthen their fine motor skills, graphical perception, and children's drawing, essential for execution of strokes and graphic gestures in the prewriting process. Based on this information, it has been proposed to carry out a “COMPARATIVE STUDY IN PRESCHOOLERS ON FINE MOTOR SKILLS TO DEVELOP PRE-WRITING”, the objective of which is to “Recognize the level of maturity of fine motor skills in preschoolers, necessary to develop preschool” , as suggested by the research line of the UTMACH "Justice, equity and citizenship" and applying a qualitative, explanatory and exploratory methodology, with an epistemological approach, based on the review of more than 25 scientific articles and updated books on the topics to be investigate; and empirical where research instruments are applied such as a survey and interview with teachers, and an observation sheet for preschoolers, to collect information that allows to verify the hypotheses raised and generate proposals for solutions to the problem: Is it possible to recognize through a comparative study the scope of the fine motor skills necessary to develop pre-writing ?. In the same way, this work aims to provide a solution to the aforementioned problem, fulfilling the specific objectives raised at the beginning, regarding the dimensions of the independent variable, FINE MOTOR SKILLS: “Determine the evolution of children's drawing to develop graphomotor skills ”,“ Recognize the methodological process of pre-writing, highlighting the role of the kindergarten teacher ”; and from the dependent, PRE-WRITING: "Determine in preschool children the level of development in the cognitive skills inherent to pre-writing", "Determine strategies to develop the handwriting-perceptual coordination necessary for pre-writing." This investigative work is structured in three chapters, which reveal the diagnostic approach, applied methodology and results of the research instruments used in the School of Basic Education "Franco Egidio Arias" of the city of Santa Rosa, El Oro Province, whose Requirements matrix allows understanding its pedagogical, administrative and infrastructure reality, which facilitates the elaboration of the proposal "Training workshop for the sequential application of graphoplastic techniques and graphomotor skills to high school teachers", supported by a reliable theoretical framework that allows recognizing the importance of fine motor development and graph-perceptual coordination in infants to execute graphic gestures sequentially. This is feasible in the social, pedagogical, economic and environmental spheres, since it can be carried out according to the implementation phases and within the deadlines established in the schedule. Finally, it is concluded by assessing the importance of initial education as a developer of cognitive, fine motor and graphomotor skills in preschool children, in the pre-school stage.