El trastorno bipolar desde el enfoque cognitivo conductual

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is characterized by its chronic and disabling nature, it occurs in two stages: early or late. The prevalence in bipolar I disorder is the same in both men and women. The representative symptoms are changes in emotional state, a feeling of hopelessness, greater or lesser energy, involvement in risky behaviors, and altered thinking. It is divided into subtypes: Bipolar I and II disorder, according to this classification there are manic, hypomanic and depressive episodes. In the manic episode the subject may need hospitalization, in hypomania being milder it is not necessary, both subtypes affect normal functioning, and establish difficulties in diagnosis due to high comorbidity. In relation to the cognitive behavioral theory, this model was established under the interrelation between thoughts and behavior, and explains the origin of the disorders; proposing three factors that influence the appearance of the disorder: genetic factors, stressors and cognitive styles. Among the stressors, the diathesis-stress model is briefly investigated, also mentioning key aspects of the cognitive behavioral therapy intervention with subjects with bipolar disorder. In this way, in the present work the origin of Bipolar Disorder is exposed from the cognitive behavioral approach, through the bibliographic methodology, which includes the review of high impact scientific articles, the review of the diagnostic criteria and characteristics of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders DSM-V, in addition books that allowed to strengthen the aspects involved with the origin of the disorder.