Identificación de lesiones anatomopatológicas en hígados decomisados de cerdos, faenados en el cantón Pasaje

Abstract

The present study was carried out with the main objective of identifying the pathological lesions in the livers of pigs slaughtered in the Camal del Cantón Pasaje in the province of El Oro during the month of February 2021, random visits were made on the days of greatest slaughter that were on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, in order to obtain the sample size, the total number of pigs slaughtered during a month was found in the Camal, which was approximately 200 pigs, generating the sample size of 132 pigs, in fact during the study the slaughter of 132 pigs where the health status of the liver was verified with the veterinarian in charge of the Camal, issuing a final opinion of fitness for human consumption; obtaining as a result 32 pigs with innocuous livers, free of diseases, while 100 pigs presented liver lesions susceptible to a total seizure of the viscera, to determine the main causes of the diseases a macroscopic diagnostic method was applied accompanied with a microscopic examination to the 100 livers of seized pigs. Data collection was done by applying liver inspection and palpation techniques, where it was evidenced that 61% of the livers were reddish-brown in color, followed by blackish color with 23% and 16% brown; According to the consistency, 47% of the pig livers presented a semi-hard consistency, 40% friable and 13% hard, the lesions found were 50% of diffuse white multifocal spots and 34% of diffuse white multifocal spots accompanied by biliary cysts and the remaining 16% of diffuse black and white multifocal spots. For the microscopic examination, representative pieces of each liver about 2cm3 to 3cm3 thick were extracted, taking into account 50% of healthy tissue and 50% of diseased tissue, they were placed in previously labeled histological cassettes and they were stored inside a few wide-mouth plastic bottles (for urine sample) filled three-quarters with a 10% formaldehyde solution (one gallon = 3600ml of water + 400ml of 35% formalin). The carving of the samples was carried out once a week, with the help of an external laboratory the histological slides were obtained, these were observed and histopathologically analyzed in the laboratory of the Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics Career obtaining As a result, 67% of the livers suffered from granulomatous formation and fibrosis, the remaining 33% suffered from granulomatous formation, fibrosis and the presence of structures compatible with parasites; confirming the diagnosis 67% granulomatous inflammation and 33% fibrosing cholangitis. To estimate the economic losses, each liver seized during the study month (100 pig livers) that were not fit for human consumption was weighed, the total weight was 211.81 kg, this was transformed into pounds since it is more commercial and multiplied by the current reference price of a pound of pork liver which is around 0.80 cents. Therefore, an economic loss of $ 372.79 per month was estimated, equivalent to a total weight of 465.98 pounds of pork liver, and a loss of 4473.48 US dollars per year would be considered.