Deficiencia selectiva de la inmunoglobulina a: respuesta inmunológica y biomarcadores

Abstract

Celiac disease is considered an immune process of systemic origin that is the product of the consumption of proteins such as gluten and related proteins such as secalins, avenins and hordeins from various types of cereals that trigger autoimmune processes capable of causing damage to the intestinal mucosa. It is characterized by being a process dependent on the deficiency of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) caused by the low expression of producer B cells, causing immature phenotypes at the gastrointestinal level. Its clinical development originates classic symptoms ranging from abdominal pain to anemia and retarded growth; Characteristic haplotypes (DQ2 - DQ8) of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) and enteropathies. The diagnosis of the process is generally given through the use of biological markers such as anti-endomysium antibodies (EMA), anti-gliadin peptides (AGA), and / or anti-transaminase (tTG), presenting degrees of sensitivity and specificity that differ between them due to their presence or absence. However, thanks to its variability, its effective diagnosis is made through the joint analysis of duodenal biopsies, making it clear that the use of biomarkers is not enough for its correct diagnosis. That is why the purpose of the work carried out is to study the immune response of the process, emphasizing the analysis of the correlation between IgA deficiency and the development of the disease, identifying the serological biomarkers present in the diagnosis of the response. immune. Thus, its development is based on the descriptive and inductive methodological study through the analysis of scientific information that allows understanding the autoimmune process.