Revisión bibliográfica de úlceras corneales crónicas, etiología, signos clínicos, diagnóstico, pruebas de laboratorio y tratamiento en caninos (canis lupus familiaris).

Abstract

Conditions of the eyeball occur frequently in small animals, with corneal ulcer being one of the most common presentations in veterinary ophthalmology consultations. Predisposing factors for ulcer formation in domestic animals such as dogs are animals with prominent eyes, visible sclera and also the presence of nasal folds, which are quite marked characteristics in brachiocephalic breeds. In this regard, the breeds most affected by ulcers are the Pug, Shih Tzu, Bulldog, Boxer. Corneal ulcers are frequently caused by any type of lesion which generates an alteration in the integrity and functionality of the cornea, characterized by the loss of corneal transparency and by being quite painful according to their depth. This type of lesions are considered an emergency because they can be serious and progress quickly, even compromising the patient's vision. Corneal ulcers can be classified as superficial (simple) or complicated depending on the healing time and depth of the lesion. In addition, complicated ulcers are capable of being infected by different microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. The basis of the diagnosis of corneal ulcer lies in a complete bilateral and organized ophthalmologic examination associated with a rigorously compiled anamnesis and clinical history. The classification and especially the identification of the type of corneal ulcer in each patient is essential when choosing the treatment and issuing a prognosis.