Los tipos de poda y su relación con la producción de café en el Ecuador

Abstract

In the world, coffee is one of the most commercialized and consumed products in all countries, therefore, it influences the economies of the main producers, generating sources of employment for millions of people. In Ecuador in recent years, coffee can stand out as one of the most outstanding products, due to its quality and acceptance in the market, in addition to taking advantage of the diversity of climate and geographical position that the country has, therefore it has been decided to strengthen knowledge and implementation of crop management. The pruning of the coffee tree is a fundamental technique of agronomic management in the crop, aimed at the formation of an adequate architecture of the plant, which facilitates the plagiotropic growth of the central branches that enhance production, as well as, favor flowering, fruiting and obtaining a high production with quality grains. In the management of pruning in coffee, three types are identified, which are: formation pruning: that modifies the plant giving an adequate structure, with a strong, robust stem and well distributed branches; phytosanitary pruning that allows to sanitize the entire plant, eliminating the parts damaged by pests, diseases or dry, twisted or torn branches; and the rehabilitation period that allows to eliminate the plant with low production or that has completed its productive cycle, making a cut at a height of 30 to 40 cm, in this way new shoots are obtained and consequently new plants.