Comportamiento morfo-agroproductivo de diferentes cultivares de pimiento (<b><i>capsicum anuum</i> l.</b>) en la parroquia la victoria

Abstract

Pepper is recognized as one of the most important vegetables for its high nutritional content and the good profitability it offers to the producer. The goodness of pepper (vitamin C, capsanthin, antioxidant pigments, provitamin A) has contributed to the development of research with important achievements in the development of new hybrids, with better production and resistance to unfavorable biological and physical conditions. The crop develops in different areas of the country, but its productivity is related to the adaptability of the different cultivars to the different climatic conditions, since to obtain high yields requires warm or temperate climates. This research work was carried out on the experimental farm of the Technical Agricultural College Eugenio Espejo located in the parish La Victoria belonging to the canton Las Lajas, with the purpose of demonstrating the morbid-agroproductive behavior of four pepper cultivars. To demonstrate the results in the different cultivars in morpho-agroproductive parameters it was necessary to apply the simple Latin square design with an area of 90.5 m2 with a total of 16 experimental units (4 treatments with 4 repetitions) of 4 m2 each experimental unit. To reduce the effect caused by uncontrolled factors such as soil moisture and fertilizing, experimental units were placed in columns and rows. Each cultivar corresponds to a treatment, the cultivars under study were Padrón, Cubanelle, Marconi and Yolo Wonder. The variables evaluated at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplantation were: fork height in the plant (cm), plant height (cm), number of leaves and stem diameter (mm). The days of flowering were taken at the time that 50% of the plants per experimental unit presented flowers and finally the number of fruits per plant, quantity of fruits harvested per plant in the first harvest, fruit diameter (mm), fruit length (cm), fruit weight (g) and agricultural yield (t ha-1)were measured at harvest time. A factorial ANOVA was applied to determine whether or not there are statistical differences between treatments based on the variables evaluated. Obtaining the results indicates that the cultivar Padrón (19.6 cm) and Marconi (19.4 cm) reached the highest height in their fork 30 days after transplantation presenting equality between them, but different statistically with the cultivars Cubanelle and Yolo Wonder. In the variable height of the plant the cultivar that presented the greatest value in the three moments of evaluation was the cultivar Padrón with an average height of 44.8 cm at 60 days after transplantation and the cultivar Yolo Wonder presented the value in the variable plant height. The Padron cultivar had the highest value in the number of active leaves during the three evaluation moments. The Cubanelle and Yolo Wonder cultivars presented equality between them with lower values in the stem diameter variable 60 days after transplantation, but statistically different with the Padrón and Marconi cultivars that showed greater diameter. As for the characteristics of the fruits, the cultivar Yolo Wonder had a larger diameter (58.7 mm) while the cultivar Padron showed the smallest diameter (35.26 mm). In the length of the fruit the cultivar Marconi (13.2 cm) presented a greater value while the cultivars Padrón and Yolo Wonder showed equality between them, but with lower value means. The cultivar Padrón (5 fruits) obtained greater value in number of fruits per plant, the cultivars Cubanelle (3 fruits) and Marconi (3 fruits) obtained intermediate values presenting equality between them, while the cultivar Yolo Wonder (2 fruits) presented the lowest value. In the fruit weight variable the cultivar Yolo Wonder (68.7 g) had higher value, different statistically from other treatments, while Padrón (22.6 g) had the lowest fruit weight. The variables that allowed to establish agricultural yield were: plant height, number of fruits per plant, length, diameter and weight of the fruit placing when growing Cubanelle with better agricultural yield (2.12 t ha-1) in the locality, also presented precocity in flowering and greater curdling of the fruits which can be an indicator of the adaptation of this cultivar to the edaphoclimatic conditions and management of the crop in the area.