Efectos de aireación y quimiotropismo inducido durante las fases fenológicas de las plantas de banano (<i>musa × paradisiaca</i>), cultivar williams

Abstract

Banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) is a highly prestigious fruit in Ecuadorian exports, a generator of very important foreign exchange for the country, in addition to its high nutritional value and beneficial contributions to health. In this project, with the use of the herculization technique and application of the 5 established treatments: biochar, compost, biochar + compost, calcium power and control, it is sought to verify with which of these edaphic fertilizers there is better productivity in banana plants (Musa x paradisiaca L.) cultivate Williams and development of the corresponding root system, thanks to the effects of aeration and chemotropism, for which the following specific objectives were set: 1. Establish the effect of aerotropism and induced chemotropism on the root system of the banana plant. 2. Determine the effect of aerotropism and induced chemotropism on agronomic parameters in banana cultivation. 3. Analyze effects on the productivity of banana cultivation of aerotropism and induced chemotropism. The field work was carried out at the Santa Inés Farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, of the Technical University of Machala. The study variables considered were: height of daughter plants, foliar emission, number of final leaves with which the plant arrived at calving, grade and leaves at cut, total weight of the harvested bunch, number of hands, weight of the stem (rachis), number of fingers of the hand sol and their degree, also the length of the finger on the hand one and sol, weight of the healthy roots, damaged, with presence of nematodes and dry. As a result, treatment 2 corresponding to compost, allowed to obtain better results, since it is evidenced in the greater presence of the root system including greater weight in healthy roots and less in damaged roots and with the presence of nematodes; this thanks to the fact that the compost contributed to the presence of worms and other microorganisms, which shows a greater amount of micronutrients. Regarding the leaves at harvest, treatment 5, constituted by the control, showed greater resistance to black sigatoka. Among the 5 treatments, number 2 (compost) had the harvest of clusters with the highest weight in pounds, as is the case of 116.1 lb of which its rachis (cluster stem) weighed 13.8 lb, with 9 hands, and a sol hand with 20.2 lb. This plant reached a height of 3.60 m leaving a return of 2.70 m, reaching the calving with 12 completely healthy leaves, and with a time of 21-22 weeks taking into account the beginning of this time when found with a height of 1.61 m (data taken on July 29, 2020), and that the calving time until reaching the harvest of this plant was 12 weeks. Regarding the length of fingers in the banana bunches, what is allowed for export is 7 inches. Emphasizing this, treatment 2, in all the plants to which it was applied, had an average of 9.5 inches in reference to hand one (lower hand), and in the sun hand with an average of 13 inches. With T1, a higher average of hand-sun degrees was obtained. And with the T5 there was a higher average of sun hand fingers.